Every now-and-then there are enquiries on the net regarding E-mail to a distant country. The question is often of the type "has that country got E-mail access ?". The following table is a guide of country codes, showing the countries which have access to Internet or general E- mail services. The country codes have been derived from the International Organization for Standardization standard ISO 3166. A country code is taken as a top level domain once it is registered at rs.internic.net so *not* all country codes listed are top level domains. At the bottom of the table, there is also a section of general top level domains, based on the information available at rs.internic.net.
NOTES:
1. Description of codes:
- FI stands for FULL INTERNET access. This includes 'telnet', 'ftp', and internet E-mail. - B stands for BITNET access although the address may be in internet DNS (Domain Name System) format. - * (Asterisk) means that the country is reachable by E-mail. If this is not preceded by FI or B, it means that the connection may be a UUCP connection. An asterisk is included after FI or B for consistency. - PFI stands for a provisional full internet connection.(+) - P stands for provisional connection. (+) (+) This is used when one or more of the following is true: - address not verified or lack of address - UUCP dialup not active - net connection possible but not officially announced - premature official announcement of connection
2. Networks which are not included:
Networks such as MILNET (U.S. Army) have computers all around the world. It is generally possible to assume that wherever there is a U.S. military base, there will be a node reachable through gateways.
Private company networks such as for DEC (Digital Equipment Corp.), or Sun Microsystems, for example, have nodes in many exotic locations. However the connection may take place via UUCP and cost a lot of money. Those networks have therefore not been included. In addition, those are PRIVATE networks.
Many companies ( like U.S. Sprint, for example ) offer commercial services to many countries which are not readily available on the Internet. The service is VERY COSTLY, usually takes place via UUCP or X.400 connections. X.400 E-mail is usually charged to someone and if the telecommunication carrier cannot find someone to pay for the message transfer, it will reject it. As a result, those types of network have not been included in the list. Although a user may RECEIVE E-mail from a user on those networks, one may not be able to reply to it.
FIDONET nodes are NOT included. While all nodes agree to forward E-mail as a condition to be included in the tables, the high cost of phone calls in more exotic locations prompts some sysadmins not to want their site publicised. Many FIDO nodes exist throughout the Middle-East and Africa.
3. Updates
The situation changes from day to day. The growth in international
networking is such that the information contained in this document may
be out of date by the time it reaches you. If you have any update (i.e.
knowledge that a new country is connected), please send a message to
4. .US sites
While there are several hundreds of BITNET nodes in USA, none have a
name in the format `.US'. That's why the .us domain is only FI and *.
5. .edu, .com, etc.
The domains in this section are special in that some of them are
used in more than one country. The domains which have full internet
access are marked accordingly. However, this doesn't mean that *all* of
those domains have full internet access. For example, only a
small proportion of .mil sites have full internet access. The same is
true for .com sites, for example.
6. UK and GB domains
There are two codes for United Kingdom, namely UK and GB. While UK
is used for addressing of most domains in DNS format, the field GB is
used mainly in the X.400 addressing of United Kingdom sites. However,
there is an increasing trend in some United Kingdom sites being directly
connected to Internet under the GB domain. The GB domain is hence a
perfectly suitable Internet top level domain.
7. Main nameservers
This is the main nameserver as listed in the rs.internic.net
database. Those often change as the network grows, and it is hard to
keep track of all nameservers, but they should usually work. Nameservers
can be queried by users using nslookup.
8. Archiving
Once released, this document is archived in a number of archive
sites around the world. Amongst them:
rtfm.mit.edu (18.70.0.224) directory:
/pub/usenet/news.answers/mail
lth.se (130.235.20.3) directory:
/pub/archive2/netnews/news.answers/mail
# ftp.uu.net (192.48.96.9) directory: /usenet/news.answers/mail
# unix.hensa.ac.uk (129.12.21.7) directory:
/pub/uunet/usenet/news.answers/mail
# grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr (134.214.100.25) directory: /pub/faq/mail
(#) those may not be accessible via Bear access or direct PC access
in some cases.
Via listserver request: listserver@grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr with the
command: get faq mail/country-codes
All FAQs are also available via listserv@cc1.kuleuven.ac.be or
listserv@blekul11.bitnet . For an index of all FAQs available, put the
command GET NETFAQS FILELIST in the body of your message.
The document is also retrievable by E-mail from rtfm.mit.edu by sending
an E-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu , blank subject line and the
command: send usenet/news.answers/mail/country-codes
The up-to-date, pre-release document is also available using an
experimental simple mail-server that I have setup from my account. Send
E-mail to:
ISO 3166 Codes + Top level domains.
Code Country Conn Notes main nameserver
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
++
AD Andorra
AE United Arab Emirates * ns.uu.net
AF Afghanistan
AG Antigua and Barbuda * upr1.upr.clu.edu
AI Anguilla
AL Albania P gwd2i.cnuce.cnr.it
AM Armenia Ex-USSR
AN Netherland Antilles
AO Angola
AQ Antarctica FI * luxor.cc.waikato.ac.nz
AR Argentina FI B * ns.uu.net
AS American Samoa
AT Austria FI B * pythia.edvz.univie.ac.at
AU Australia FI * munnari.oz.au
AW Aruba
AZ Azerbaidjan Ex-USSR
BA Bosnia-Herzegovina Ex-Yugoslavia
BB Barbados * upr1.upr.clu.edu
BD Bangladesh
BE Belgium FI B * ub4b.buug.be
BF Burkina Faso * orstom.orstom.fr
BG Bulgaria FI B * pythia.ics.forth.gr
BH Bahrain B * Gulfnet
BI Burundi
BJ Benin
BM Bermuda * ns.uu.net
BN Brunei Darussalam
BO Bolivia * ns.uu.net
BR Brazil FI B * fpsp.fapesp.br
BS Bahamas * upr1.upr.clu.edu
BT Buthan
BV Bouvet Island
BW Botswana * hippo.ru.ac.za
BY Belarus * Ex-USSR
BZ Belize P upr1.upr.clu.edu
CA Canada FI B * relay.cdnnet.ca
CC Cocos (Keeling) Isl.
CF Central African Rep.
CG Congo
CH Switzerland FI B * scsnms.switch.ch
CI Ivory Coast
CK Cook Islands
CL Chile FI B * dcc.uchile.cl
CM Cameroon FI * in .fr domain inria.inria.fr
CN China PFI * iraun1.ira.uka.de
CO Colombia B * cunixd.cc.columbia.edu
CR Costa Rica FI B * ns.cr
CS Czechoslovakia FI B * still works... ns.cesnet.cz
CU Cuba * igc.org
CV Cape Verde
CX Christmas Island
CY Cyprus B * pythia.ics.forth.gr
CZ Czech Republic FI * ns.cesnet.cz
DE Germany FI B * deins.informatik.uni-dortmund.de
DJ Djibouti
DK Denmark FI B * ns.dknet.dk
DM Dominica P upr1.upr.clu.edu
DO Dominican Republic P upr1.upr.clu.edu
DZ Algeria
EC Ecuador FI B * ecua.net.ec
EE Estonia FI * Ex-USSR uvax2.kbfi.ee
EG Egypt PFI B * frcu.eun.eg
EH Western Sahara
ES Spain FI B * sun.rediris.es
ET Ethiopia
FI Finland FI B * funet.fi
FJ Fiji * truth.waikato.ac.nz
FK Falkland Isl.(Malvinas)
FM Micronesia
FO Faroe Islands P danpost.uni-c.dk
FR France FI B * inria.inria.fr
FX France (European Ter.) ???
GA Gabon
GB Great Britain (UK) FI * X.400 & IP ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk
GD Grenada P upr1.upr.clu.edu
GE Georgia * Ex-USSR ns.eu.net
GH Ghana
GI Gibraltar
GL Greenland
GP Guadeloupe (Fr.)
GQ Equatorial Guinea
GF Guyana (Fr.)
GM Gambia
GN Guinea
GR Greece FI B * pythia.ics.forth.gr
GT Guatemala * ns.uu.net
GU Guam (US)
GW Guinea Bissau
GY Guyana
HK Hong Kong FI B * hp9000.csc.cuhk.hk
HM Heard & McDonald Isl.
HN Honduras * ns.uu.net
HR Croatia FI * Ex-Yugo dns.srce.hr
HT Haiti
HU Hungary FI B * sztaki.hu
ID Indonesia * ns.uu.net
IE Ireland FI B * nova.ucd.ie
IL Israel FI B * relay.huji.ac.il
IN India FI B * sangam.ncst.ernet.in
IO British Indian O. Terr.
IQ Iraq
IR Iran B *
IS Iceland FI B * isgate.is
IT Italy FI B * dns.nis.garr.it
JM Jamaica * upr1.upr.clu.edu
JO Jordan
JP Japan FI B * jp-gate.wide.ad.jp
KE Kenya * rain.psg.com
KG Kirgistan Ex-USSR
KH Cambodia
KI Kiribati
KM Comoros
KN St.Kitts Nevis Anguilla P upr1.upr.clu.edu
KP Korea (North) P
KR Korea (South) FI B * ns.kaist.ac.kr
KW Kuwait FI * No BITNET dns.kuniv.edu.kw
KY Cayman Islands
KZ Kazachstan * Ex-USSR in .su domain
LA Laos
LB Lebanon
LC Saint Lucia P upr1.upr.clu.edu
LI Liechtenstein PFI * scsnms.switch.ch
LK Sri Lanka * ns.eu.net
LR Liberia
LS Lesotho * hippo.ru.ac.za
LT Lithuania PFI * Ex-USSR aun.uninett.no
LU Luxembourg FI B * menvax.restena.lu
LV Latvia FI * Ex-USSR lapsene.mii.lu.lv
LY Libya
MA Morocco
MC Monaco
MD Moldavia Ex-USSR
MG Madagascar
MH Marshall Islands
ML Mali
MM Myanmar
MN Mongolia
MO Macau * hkuxb.hku.hk
MP Northern Mariana Isl.
MQ Martinique (Fr.)
MR Mauritania
MS Montserrat
MT Malta P ns.iunet.it
MU Mauritius
MV Maldives
MW Malawi
MX Mexico FI B * mtecv1.mty.itesm.mx
MY Malaysia FI B * mimos.my
MZ Mozambique * hippo.ru.ac.za
NA Namibia * rain.psg.com
NC New Caledonia (Fr.)
NE Niger * in .fr domain inria.inria.fr
NF Norfolk Island
NG Nigeria
NI Nicaragua * ns.uu.net
NL Netherlands FI B * sering.cwi.nl
NO Norway FI B * nac.no
NP Nepal
NR Nauru
NT Neutral Zone
NU Niue
NZ New Zealand FI * truth.waikato.ac.nz
OM Oman
PA Panama B *
PE Peru B * rain.psg.com
PF Polynesia (Fr.)
PG Papua New Guinea * munnari.oz.au
PH Philippines * ns.uu.net
PK Pakistan * ns.uu.net
PL Poland FI B * danpost.uni-c.dk
PM St. Pierre & Miquelon
PN Pitcairn
PT Portugal FI B * ns.dns.pt
PR Puerto Rico (US) FI B * sun386-gauss.pr
PW Palau
PY Paraguay * ns.uu.net
QA Qatar
RE Reunion (Fr.) FI * In .fr domain inria.inria.fr
RO Romania FI B * roearn.ici.ac.ro
RU Russian Federation P Ex-USSR
RW Rwanda
SA Saudi Arabia B * GulfNet
SB Solomon Islands
SC Seychelles
SD Sudan
SE Sweden FI B * sunic.sunet.se
SG Singapore FI B * solomon.technet.sg
SH St. Helena
SI Slovenia FI * Ex-Yugos via .yu klepec.yunac.yu
SJ Svalbard & Jan Mayen Is
SK Slovak Republic FI * ns.eunet.sk
SL Sierra Leone
SM San Marino
SN Senegal * rain.psg.com
SO Somalia
SR Suriname P upr1.upr.clu.edu
ST St. Tome and Principe
SU Soviet Union FI B * Still used. ns.eu.net
SV El Salvador
SY Syria
SZ Swaziland
TC Turks & Caicos Islands
TD Chad
TF French Southern Terr.
TG Togo
TH Thailand FI * chulkn.chula.ac.th
TJ Tadjikistan Ex-USSR
TK Tokelau
TM Turkmenistan * Ex-USSR in .su domain
TN Tunisia FI B * alyssa.rsinet.tn
TO Tonga
TP East Timor
TR Turkey FI B * knidos.cc.metu.edu.tr
TT Trinidad & Tobago P upr1.upr.clu.edu
TV Tuvalu
TW Taiwan FI B * moevax.edu.tw
TZ Tanzania
UA Ukraine FI * Ex-USSR via .su ns.eu.net
UG Uganda
UK United Kingdom FI B * ISO 3166 is GB ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk
UM US Minor outlying Isl.
US United States FI * see note (4) venera.isi.edu
UY Uruguay B * ns.uu.net
UZ Uzbekistan Ex-USSR
VA Vatican City State
VC St.Vincent & Grenadines P upr1.upr.clu.edu
VE Venezuela FI * nisc.jvnc.net
VG Virgin Islands (British)
VI Virgin Islands (US) *
VN Vietnam *
VU Vanuatu
WF Wallis & Futuna Islands
WS Samoa
YE Yemen
YU Yugoslavia FI B * Bitnet is cut klepec.yunac.yu
ZA South Africa FI * rain.psg.com
ZM Zambia
ZR Zaire
ZW Zimbabwe * rain.psg.com
See Note [5] for the next top level domains (rs.internic.net):
ARPA Old style Arpanet * alias still works ns.nic.ddn.mil
COM Commercial FI * ns.internic.net
EDU Educational FI B * ns.internic.net
GOV Government FI * ns.internic.net
INT International field FI * used by Nato ns1.cs.ucl.ac.uk
MIL US Military FI * ns.nic.ddn.mil
NATO Nato field * soon to be deleted
NET Network FI * ns.internic.net
ORG Non-Profit OrganizationFI * ns.internic.net
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
DISCLAIMER: while every effort is made to provide accurate information,
this list is not guaranteed to be accurate. This document is in NO WAY
an official document. The information given should not be used as a
basis for routing tables but only as general end-user information. This
is a voluntary effort. I would appreciate greatly if errors/omissions
could be pointed out to me and they would be corrected in the next
release. The information included in this document implies no view
whatsoever regarding questions of sovereignty or the status of any place
listed. Affiliation to Imperial College is given for identification
purposes only.
--
Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond, Digital Comms. Section, Elec.Eng.Department
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2BT, UK
Internet/Bitnet:
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