Release Note: a. I am including some domain names with a P tag. This is either because I have not yet been able to verify the validity of the domain, or that the domain has been provisionally accepted but not officially used yet or connected. b. New up-to-date experimental mailserver
Every now-and-then there are enquiries on the net regarding email to a distant country. The question is often of the type "has that country got email access ?". The following table is a guide of top-level country names, showing the countries which have access to internet or general email services. The top-level country codes have been derived from the International Standards Organisation international standard ISO 3166, except for United Kingdom which should be called Great Britain (GB) instead of UK. The field GB is used mainly in the X.400 addressing of United Kingdom sites.
NOTES:
1. Description of codes:
- FI stands for FULL INTERNET access. This includes 'telnet', 'ftp', and internet email. :- B stands for BITNET access although the address may be in internet DNS (Domain Name System) format. - * (Asterisk) means that the country is reachable by email. If this is not preceded by FI or B, it means that the connection may be a UUCP connection. An asterisk is included after FI or B for continuity. - PFI stands for a provisional full internet connection.(+) - P stands for provisional connection. (+) (+) This is used when one or more of the following is true: - address not verified or lack of address - domain connected but not officially announced - premature official announcement of connection
2. Networks which are not included:
Networks such as MILNET (U.S. Army) have computers all around the world. It is generally possible to assume that wherever there is a U.S. base, there will be a node reachable through gateways.
Private company networks such as for DEC (Digital Equipment Corp.), or Sun Microsystems, for example, have nodes in many exotic locations. However the connection may take place via UUCP and cost a lot of money. Those networks have therefore not been included. In addition, those are PRIVATE networks.
Many companies (like U.S. Sprint or Compuserve) offer commercial services to many countries which are not readily available on the Internet. The service is VERY COSTLY, usually takes place via UUCP or X.400 connections. Those types of network have not been included because email and network access from Internet is sometimes barred for financial reasons. Although a user may RECEIVE email from a user on those networks, one may not be able to reply to it.
Some hobbyists have put together networks using their PCs which store and forward email to remote locations. This is the case of FIDONET users. Some FIDO nodes apparently exist throughout Africa, the Middle- East, etc. Those have not been included since the forwarding of email is to the discretion of the SYSADMINS of the forwarding systems and, once again, it costs money.
3. Updates
The situation changes from day to day. The growth in international
networking is such that the information contained in this document may
be out of date by the time it reaches you. If you have any update (ie:
knowledge that a new country is connected), please send a message to
4. .US sites
While there are several hundreds of BITNET nodes in USA, none have a
name in the format `.US'. That's why the .us domain is only FI and *.
5. .edu, .com, etc.
The domains in this section are special in that some of them are
used in more than one country. The domains which have full internet
access are marked accordingly. However, this doesn't mean that *all* of
those domains have full internet access. For example, only a
small proportion of .mil sites have full internet access. The same is
true for .com sites, for example.
6. Archiving
Once released, this document is archived in a number of archive
sites around the world. Amongst them:
pit-manager.mit.edu (18.172.1.27) directory: /usenet/news.answers
:ftp.uu.net (137.31.1.9) directory: /usenet/news.answers
lth.se (130.235.16.3) directory:
/archive2/netnews/news.answers
unix.hensa.ac.uk (129.12.21.7) directory:
/pub/uunet/usenet/news.answers
The up-to-date, pre-release document is also available using an
experimental simple mail-server that I have setup from my account. Send
email to:
International Standard ISO 3166 Names
Domain Country Connection Notes
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
AD Andorra
AE United Arab Emirates
AF Afghanistan
AG Antigua and Barbuda *
AI Anguilla
AL Albania
AM Armenia Ex-USSR
AN Netherland Antilles
AO Angola
AQ Antarctica FI *
AR Argentina FI B *
AS American Samoa
AT Austria FI B *
AU Australia FI *
AW Aruba
AZ Azerbaidjan Ex-USSR
BA Bosnia-Herzegovina Ex-Yugoslavia
BB Barbados *
BD Bangladesh
BE Belgium FI B *
BF Burkina Faso
BG Bulgaria *
BH Bahrain B * Gulfnet
BI Burundi
BJ Benin
BM Bermuda
BN Brunei Darussalam
BO Bolivia P
BR Brazil FI B *
BS Bahamas *
BT Buthan
BV Bouvet Island
BW Botswana
BY Bielorussia Ex-USSR
BZ Belize P
CA Canada FI B *
CC Cocos (Keeling) Isl.
CF Central African Rep.
CG Congo
CH Switzerland FI B *
CI Ivory Coast
CK Cook Islands
CL Chile FI B *
CM Cameroon
CN China *
CO Colombia B *
CR Costa Rica B *
CS Czechoslovakia FI B *
CU Cuba
CV Cape Verde
CX Christmas Island
CY Cyprus B *
DE Germany FI B *
DJ Djibouti
DK Denmark FI B *
DM Dominica
DO Dominican Republic P
DZ Algeria B *
EC Ecuador FI B *
EE Estonia FI * Ex-USSR also via .su domain
EG Egypt B *
EH Western Sahara
ES Spain FI B *
ET Ethiopia
FI Finland FI B *
FJ Fiji *
FK Falkland Isl.(Malvinas)
FM Micronesia
FO Faroe Islands
FR France FI B *
FX France (European Ter.) ???
GA Gabon
GB Great Britain (UK) FI * X.400 address gateway
GD Grenada
GE Georgia Ex-USSR
GH Ghana
GI Gibraltar
GL Greenland
GP Guadeloupe (Fr.)
GQ Equatorial Guinea
GF Guyana (Fr.)
GM Gambia
GN Guinea
GR Greece FI B *
GT Guatemala P
GU Guam (US)
GW Guinea Bissau
GY Guyana
HK Hong Kong FI B *
HM Heard & McDonald Isl.
HN Honduras
HR Croatia PFI * Ex-Yugoslavia via .yu
HT Haiti
HU Hungary FI B *
ID Indonesia *
IE Ireland FI B *
IL Israel FI B *
IN India FI B *
IO British Indian O. Terr.
IQ Iraq
IR Iran
IS Iceland FI *
IT Italy FI B *
JM Jamaica
JO Jordan
JP Japan FI B *
KE Kenya
KG Kirgistan Ex-USSR
KH Cambodia
KI Kiribati
KM Comoros
KN St.Kitts Nevis Anguilla P
KP Korea (North)
KR Korea (South) FI B *
KW Kuwait PFI B * No computers for Gulfnet(B)
KY Cayman Islands
KZ Kazachstan Ex-USSR
LA Laos
LB Lebanon
LC Saint Lucia P
LI Liechtenstein
LK Sri Lanka P
LR Liberia
LS Lesotho
LT Lithuania * Ex-USSR
LU Luxembourg
LV Latvia * Ex-USSR
LY Libya
MA Morocco
MC Monaco
MD Moldavia Ex-USSR
MG Madagascar
MH Marshall Islands
ML Mali
MM Myanmar
MN Mongolia
MO Macau P
MP Northern Mariana Isl.
MQ Martinique (Fr.)
MR Mauritania
MS Montserrat
MT Malta
MU Mauritius
MV Maldives
MW Malawi
MX Mexico FI B *
MY Malaysia *
MZ Mozambique P
NA Namibia *
NC New Caledonia (Fr.)
NE Niger
NF Norfolk Island
NG Nigeria
NI Nicaragua P
NL Netherlands FI B *
NO Norway FI B *
NP Nepal
NR Nauru
NT Neutral Zone
NU Niue
NZ New Zealand FI *
OM Oman
PA Panama
PE Peru
PF Polynesia (Fr.)
PG Papua New Guinea *
PH Philippines
PK Pakistan *
PL Poland FI B *
PM St. Pierre & Miquelon
PN Pitcairn
PT Portugal FI B *
PR Puerto Rico (US) FI B *
PW Palau
PY Paraguay *
QA Qatar
RE Reunion (Fr.) FI * In .fr domain
RO Romania P Future BITNET connection
RU Russian Federation Ex-USSR
RW Rwanda
SA Saudi Arabia B * GulfNet
SB Solomon Islands
SC Seychelles
SD Sudan
SE Sweden FI B *
SG Singapore FI B *
SH St. Helena
SI Slovenia PFI * Ex-Yugoslavia also via .yu
SJ Svalbard & Jan Mayen Is
SL Sierra Leone
SM San Marino
SN Senegal
SO Somalia
SR Suriname
ST St. Tome and Principe
SU Soviet Union FI B * Still used.
SV El Salvador
SY Syria
SZ Swaziland
TC Turks & Caicos Islands
TD Chad
TF French Southern Terr.
TG Togo
TH Thailand FI *
TJ Tadjikistan Ex-USSR
TK Tokelau
TM Turkmenistan Ex-USSR
TN Tunisia FI B *
TO Tonga
TP East Timor
TR Turkey B *
TT Trinidad & Tobago
TV Tuvalu
TW Taiwan FI B *
TZ Tanzania
UA Ukraine * Ex-USSR via .su domain
UG Uganda
UK United Kingdom FI B * ISO 3166 code is GB
UM US Minor outlying Isl.
US United States FI * .us sites NOT on BITNET
(4)
UY Uruguay *
UZ Uzbekistan Ex-USSR
VA Vatican City State
VC St.Vincent & Grenadines P
VE Venezuela *
VG Virgin Islands (British)
VI Virgin Islands (US)
VN Vietnam
VU Vanuatu
WF Wallis & Futuna Islands
WS Samoa
YE Yemen
YU Yugoslavia FI B * Bitnet not at the moment
ZA South Africa FI *
ZM Zambia
ZR Zaire
ZW Zimbabwe *
See Note [5] for the next fields:
ARPA Old style Arpanet * alias still works !!!
COM Commercial FI *
EDU Educational FI B *
GOV Government FI *
INT International field FI * used by Nato
MIL US Military FI *
NATO Nato field * being replaced by .int
NET Network FI *
ORG Non-Profit OrganizationFI *
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
DISCLAIMER: while every effort is made to provide accurate information,
this list is not guaranteed to be accurate. This document is in NO WAY
an official document. The information given should not be used as a
basis for routing tables but only as general end-user information. This
is a voluntary effort. I would appreciate greatly if errors/omissions
could be pointed out to me and they would be corrected in the next
release. The information included in this document implies no view
whatsoever regarding questions of sovereignty or the status of any place
listed. Affiliation to Imperial College is given for identification
purposes only.
--
Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond,
Digital Comms. Section, Elec. Eng. Department
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2BT, UK
Internet/Bitnet:
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