IES Academic Programs

Department of Earth and Environmental Science

Institute for Environmental Studies

Academic Programs; Environmental Courses at Penn

NURSING (NURS)
department website
environmental courses

OPERATIONS & INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (OPIM)
department website
environmental courses

PHILOSPHY (PHIL)
department website
environmental courses

POLICTICAL SCIENCE (PSCI)
department website
environmental courses

PSYCHOLOGY (PSYC)
department website
environmental courses

REAL ESTATE (REAL)
department website
environmental courses

RELIGIOUS STUDIES (RELS)
department website
environmental courses

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SYS)
department website
environmental courses

URBAN STUDIES (URBS)
department website
environmental courses

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COURSE DESCRIPTIONS:

AFRICAN STUDIES (AFST)

AFST 467. (AMES467) Introduction to Egyptian Culture and Archaeology
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; history, humanities, and social sciences
Distribution II: May be counted as a Distributional Course in History & Tradition.
Wegner.
Covers principal aspects of ancient Egyptian culture (environment, urbanism, religion, technology, etc.) with special focus on archaeological data; includes study of University Museum artifacts.

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ANTHROPOLOGY (ANTH)

ANTH 032. (LTAM032) Rise and Fall of Ancient Maya Civilization. Freshman Seminar.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; history, humanities, and social sciences
Sabloff, J.
The civilization of the ancient Maya, which flourished between approximately 300 B.C. and the Spanish Conquest of the sixteenth century A.D. in what is now southern Mexico and northern Central America, has long been of wide public interest. The soaring temples of Tikal, the beautiful palaces of Palenque, the sophisticated carved monuments and sculpture, and the complex writing, astronomical, and mathematical systems have been widely photographed and written about. For much of the twentieth century, scholarly knowledge about the ancient Maya was greater than knowledge of many other pre-industrial civilizations. But revolutionary advances in archaeological research and the decipherment of Maya hieroglyphic writing over the past two decades have led to completely new understandings of the development of Lowland Maya civilization, the rise of urban states, and the successful adaptation to a difficult tropical environment. This seminar will examine the studies that have led to these new insights and will evaluate the exciting new models of Maya civilization and its achievements that have emerged in recent years.

ANTH 133. (LTAM133) Native Peoples and the Environment.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; history, humanities, and social sciences
Distribution II: May be counted as a Distributional course in History & Tradition.
Erickson.
Freshman Seminar.
The relationship between the activities of native peoples and the environment is a complex and contentious issue. One perspective argues that native peoples had little impact on the environments because of their low population densities, limited technology, and conservation ethic and worldview. At other extreme, biodiversity, and Nature itself, is considered the product of a long history of human activities. This seminar will examine the Myth of the Ecologically Noble Savage, the Myth of the Pristine Environment, the alliance between native peoples and Green Politics, and the contribution of native peoples to appropriate technology, sustainable development and conservation of biodiversity.

ANTH 224. Archaeology of the Neotropics.
IES keywords: environmental focus; history, humanities, and social sciences
Erickson.
The early cultures of the moist tropical regions of the Americas have played an important seminal role in the development of precolumbian civilizations of the Andean and Mesoamerican culture areas. This course examines the prehistory of the Amazon basin (including the upper Amazon regions of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, and Surinam), the Caribbean, and lower Central American (Panama, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua). The major foci of the course will be 1) the historical ecology of these regions and how long-term human occupation and land use has transformed and shaped the environment, 2) the archaeological record for initial settlement, early domestication of food crops, ceremonial life, artistic expression, and population dynamics through time, and 3) the contribution of archaeology to the development of an appropriate and sustainable development of the Neotropics. Lectures and readings draw heavily on recent research results from ethnography, economic botany, geography, history, agronomy, and ecology of the region. There are no prerequisites for this course.

ANTH 245. Introduction to Cultural Ecology.
IES keywords: environmental focus; history, humanities, and social sciences
Moore.
This course surveys the relationship between human societies and their natural environment. How are the adaptations of humans different than those of other animals? Do human societies create the environments in which they live? Or are human societies merely a reflection of natural resources and geography? Can humans regulate their economies, social organization and religion to establish a sustainable adaptation to the environment? Is the human future one of change or one of doom? After an introduction to the aims and methods of the field, we will grapple with these issues using some classic case studies in cultural ecology.

ANTH 327. Food and Population.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; history, humanities, and social sciences; economics and business; science and health
Prerequisite(s): ANTH 003.
Huss-Ashmore.
Examines relationships between human food supply and population processes. Traces thinking through Malthus, Marx, and Darwin to modern theories of how food influences population size and growth through biological and economic channels.

ANTH 419. (ANTH596, COML415, FOLK415, FOLK596) Travel, Tourism, and Culture.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; history, humanities, and social sciences
Staff.
After two hundred years of growth as an industry, tourism has become one of the biggest sectors of employment worldwide, and its impact on cultures is correspondingly profound. This course will first critically examine the history of tourism's development, and then focus on touristic experience and practice in the twentieth century. We will draw on the substantial theoretical literature from folkloristics, anthropology, sociology, and environmental studies, as well as on literary depictions and reflections on travel and tourism. Course participants will carry out primary research in the Philadelphia area (with an historical or an ethnographic focus), and write a final essay tying their research into the literature. The revised papers may get edited into a publishable volume, depending on the availability of funds, to make the research available to the Philadelphia area public and industry.

ANTH 466. Lowland South American Indians.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; history, humanities, and social sciences
Distribution I: May be counted as a Distributional course in Society.
Urban.
This is a general survey course concerned with the Native Peoples of Non-Andean South America. Its focus is ethnological and comparative. Students (advanced undergraduate and graduate) read a range of ethnographies, and become familiar with different comparative approaches, while acquiring the tools for further specialized research. Of special concern are issues pertaining to social organization, ecology, ritual, myth, belief systems, and language. The course also provides a background for students interested in ethnohistory and in contemporary problems of state-Indian relationships.

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ARCHITECTURE (ARCH)

ARCH 401. Architecture and Landscape Design I
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems
Leatherbarrow/Berrizbeita.
An introduction to fundamental topics in architecture and landscape architecture. Issues of mapping, placement, scale, and construction are explored through studio design exercises, site visits, and discussions. Course work focuses on the preparation and presentation of discrete design projects that emphasize the acquisition of representational and analytical skills, and the development of imaginative invention and judgment.

ARCH 402. Architecture and Landscape Design II
IES keywords environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems
Wesley/Gutierrez
A continuing exploration of architectural design. Content and technique in representation andconstruction are explored through various studio design exercises.

ARCH433. (ARCH 533) Environmental Systems I.
IES keywords environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems
Malkawi
An introduction to the influence of thermal and luminous phenomenon in the history and practice of architecture. Issues of climate, health and environmental sustainability are explored as they relate to architecture in its natural context. The classes include lectures, site visits and field exploration.

ARCH 434. (ARCH 534) Environmental Systems II.
IES keywords environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems
Braham
This course examines the environmental technologies of larger buildings, including heating, ventilating, and air conditioning, lighting, and acoustics. Class meetings are divided between slide lectures, work sessions, and site visits.

ARCH 531. Construction I.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; engineering, design, and systems
Falck.
Course explores basic principles and concepts of architectural technology and describes the interrelated nature of structure, construction and environmental systems.

ARCH 533. (401) Environmental Systems I.

ARCH 534. (434)Environmental Systems II.

ARCH 638. Technology Special Topics.
IES keywords: environmental focus; engineering, design, and systems
Faculty.
This series of six classes will discuss the issues and current thinking in sustainable architecture: 1) Introduction: why sustainability is important; 2) Human comfort: what makes people happy in a building; 3) Climatic response: designing buildings that respond to the weather; 4) Energy use: where energy is used and how to control it; 5) Materials: reduce, re-use and recycle? 6) The Future: where is it all going?

ARCH 752. (CPLN656, UDES752) Case Studies in Urban Design.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; urban issues; engineering, design, and systems
Conway.
Through three case studies and a final project this course explores several fundamentally different ways in which the urban design process is realized in this country: The campus as historical prototype and contemporary paradigm; the new community both modernist and neo-traditionalist; expansion/relocation of CBD; and urban/suburban in-fill. Particular emphasis is placed on the roles of planning, historic preservation and landscape architecture in the practice of urban design.

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ART HISTORY (ARTH)

ARTH 288. Twentieth-Century Design.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; engineering, design, and systems
Distribution III: May be counted as a Distributional course in Arts & Letters.
Marcus.
This survey of modern utilitarian and decorative objects spans the century, from the Arts and Crafts Movement to the present, from the rise of Modernism to its rejection in Post-Modernism, from Tiffany glass and tubular-metal furniture to the Sony Walkman. Its overall approach focuses on the aesthetics of designed objects and on the designers who created them, but the course also investigates such related topics as industrialization, technology, ergonomics, and environmental, postindustrial, and universal design. Among the major international figures whose graphics, textiles, furniture, and other products will be studied are William Morris, Frank Lloyd Wright, Josef Hoffmann, Le Corbusier and Charlotte Perriand, Mies van der Rohe, Alvar Aalto, Raymond Loewy, Charles and Ray Eames, Isamu Noguchi, Eero Saarinen, Paul Rand, Jack Lenor Larsen, Ettore Sottsass,Jr., Robert Venturi, Frank Gehry, and Philippe Starck.

BIOLOGY (BIOL)
BIOL 003. (COLL003) "What every lawyer, businessperson, and citizen needs to know about molecular biology". Gen Req V: May be counted towards the General Requirement in Living World.
Zigmond. Prerequisite(s): High school biology required.
IES keywords: environmental focus: science, health
This seminar is intended for students who do not plan to take any additional biology courses, but would like to know what "all the excitement" of modern biology is about. We will cover both the basics of molecular biology and how biotechnology effects our lives. Specific topics will include: DNA fingerprinting, environmental and health applications of genetic engineering and the human genome project.

BIOL 010. Conservation Biology.
Gen Req V: May be counted towards the General Requirement in Living World
Staff.
IES keywords: environmental focus: science, environmental issues
Topics in conservation will be discussed.

BIOL 130. Biology of Dinosaurs.
Gen Req V: May be counted towards the General Requirement in Living World. Balsai.
IES keywords: environmental focus: science
The course examines "non-avian dinosaurs" as objects of valid scientific inquiry and strips them of their media hyperbole. Among the topics examined in detail are: their systematics, ecology (including a survey of other Mesozoic vertebrate groups, important invertebrates, and plant life), physiology, their relationships to modern birds, the facts behind their extinction, and how these animals are reconstructed and restored as living animals (including what is actually known about their reproduction and care of their offspring). No prerequisite is required and all relevant geological and biological background material will be provided as part of the course.

BIOL 140. (BIOL440) Humans and the Environment.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health; management, planning, and policy
Gen Req V: May be counted towards the General Requirement in Living World.
Prerequisite(s): Sophomore standing or greater. Some biology background suggested.
Janzen.
Intensive update and exposure to current issues and solutions in contemporary human interactions with the environment. Global in scope, but focused on case histories. Stress on providing biological and sociological background for a given major environment-human interaction, and state-of-the-art suggested solutions.

BIOL 240. (BIOL444, LARP539) Ecology and Population Biology.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 102 or 122 or 91.
Treseder.
Evolution and ecology of organisms, structure and regulation of populations, and the organization of biological communities.

BIOL 412. Ecology of Organisms and Populations.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 102 or 122 or 91, Biol 240, and one semester of calculus.
Petraitis/Dunham.
Theoretical and empirical aspects of physiological ecology, demography, and the growth and regulation of natural populations.

BIOL 414. Ecology of Communities and Ecosystems.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 102 or 122 or 91, Biol 240, and one semester of calculus.
Petraitis/Dunham
Theoretical and empirical aspects of competition, predator-prey interactions, species diversity, island biogeography, and ecosystem analysis and stability.

BIOL 423. Experimental Plant Ecology.
Casper.
IES keywords: environmental focus: science, health
The course consists of both lecture material and hands on research involving questions in plant population or community ecology. Quantitative information from published studies will be discussed, and students, working in teams, will summarize and analyze data from class experiments.

BIOL 440. (BIOL140) Advanced Analysis of Humans and the Environment.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor.
Janzen.
Advanced version of BIOL 140. Additional readings and course work as directed. See BIOL 140.

BIOL 464. Introduction to Field Ecology.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues, watersheds
Thorne.
This course surveys the diversity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the Philadelphia region through a combination of field trips and field research exercises. The terrestrial ecosystem component, offered by Dr. Jim Thorne from Natural Lands Trust (www.natlands.org), will examine a Black gum-Sweet gum old growth forest estimated to be 450 years old; the largest forest wilderness in southeastern Pennsylvania, the Hopewell Big Woods; forested wetlands in southern New Jersey supporting a Federally-listed species; and the globally threatened Eastern Serpentine Barrens. The aquatic ecosystem component, team-taught by scientists from the Stroud Water Research Center (www.stroudcenter.org), will focus on the White Clay Creek watershed, located in southern Chester County and part of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. This portion of the course will involve research exercises in stream ecology, including the role of streamside buffers, energy flow and nutrient cycling, aquatic insect biodiversity, microbial ecology, geomorphology and hydrology. All field trips will involve hands-on field exercises that highlight research topics in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

BIOL 465. Ecological Techniques in Conservation.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
McShea.
Course will be taught at the Smithsonian Institution's Conservation & Research Center adjacent to Shenandoah National Park just outside Front Royal, Virginia in January (preparatory lectures at Penn) and March (field work at CRC). Students must pre-register. Prepayment of transportation and living expenses required. Students should be prepared for strenuous, extended field work under varied weather conditions. The main focus of this course is to provide an overview of techniques used by conservation biologists and wildlife managers. The emphasis is on field work and most of each day will be spent outside attempting to collect real data on real organisms. The general topics covered will be survey techniques for forest birds, small mammals, white-tailed deer, and vegetation. A brief introduction to Geographic Information Systems and Global Positioning Systems is also included. Each topic will start with an introductory lecture the night before and then field work during the day. The course is held at the Smithsonian Institution's Conservation and Research Center (CRC) for endangered species.

BIOL 516. Microbial Ecology Seminar.
IES keywords: environmental focus; watersheds; science and health
Bott.
Population and community ecology of bacteria, algae, fungi, and protozoa in soils, aquatic systems, and extreme environments; microbial interactions; associations with plants and animals; biogeochemical cycles; and practical applications (e.g., genetic engineering, biological control, bioremediation, and mining).

BIOL 615. Seminar on Environmental and Evolutionary Biology.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Staff.
Selection and presentation of current papers of interest in the areas of environmental and evolutionary biology.

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BUSINESS AND PUBLIC POLICY (BPUB)

BPUB 201. (BPUB770) Political Economy of Government.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; management, planning, and policy; business and economics
Gen Req I: May be counted towards the General Requirement in Society. Prerequisite(s): ECON 1 or equivalent. A General Honors version of this course is also offered in the fall semester with Janet R. Pack. Check with the General Honors program or in the Course Timetable for a particular semester.
Schinnar.
This introductory course explores the economics and politics of policy analysis and management in government. The first part of the semester is devoted to the analysis of the economics and politics of government policy formulation and implementation. This is followed by a detailed examination of why, how, and with what success/failure government intervenes in a variety of areas. Health, education, welfare, law enforcement, housing and urban development, international trade, the environment are examples of the topics that may be covered. Finally, the course examines the growing importance of allowing competitive markets to provide publicly funded services, taking advantage of private management approaches to fostering innovation in public management. Three major areas in which this is occurring will be examined: privatization/contracting out of government activities; business improvement districts: homeowners associations. A midterm and final exam, as well as a class presentation on one of the areas of government intervention, and your general participation in class discussions will form the basis of your grade.

BPUB 206. (BPUB772, REAL206, REAL772, REAL972) Urban Public Policy and Private Economic Development.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; urban issues; management, planning, and policy; business and economics
Prerequisite(s): It is assumed that all students will have had previous training in microeconomics.
Pack, J.
This course examines the major ways in which private development - the activities of builders and the location of firms and households -- is affected by federal, state, and local policies and how private development influences government policy. These critical policies include tax and expenditure policies, as well as a wide variety of regulatory policies -- zoning, environmental impact restrictions, impact fees, building codes - and physical infrastructure development - highways, airports, public transit.

BPUB 261. (OPIM261, OPIM761, BPUB761, BPUB961, SYS 567) Risk Analysis and Environmental Management.
IES keywords: environmental focus; urban; management, planning, and policy; business and economics
Prerequisite(s): MGEC 621 or microeconomics.
Kunreuther.
This course introduces students to the challenges and complexities of making decisions about threats to human health and the environment. It explores the role of risk perception, risk assessment and decision and cost benefit analysis in structuring risk-management decisions. The course also examines other policy tools such as compensation, incentive systems, insurance and regulation. Special emphasis will be given to risk communication, the role of the media, and the importance of public participation in the decision-making process.
The problem contexts include risk-induced stigmatization of products (e.g. alar, British beef), places (e.g. Love Canal), and technologies (e.g. nuclear power); the siting of noxious facilities, and managing catastrophic risks. A course project enables students to apply the concepts discussed in the course to a concrete problem.

BPUB 761. (OPIM261, OPIM761, BPUB261, BPUB961, SYS 567) Risk Analysis and Environmental Management.
Prerequisite(s): MGEC 621 or microeconomics.
Kunreuther.
See BPUB 261.

BPUB 777. (BPUB204, BPUB960) Cost Benefit Analysis.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; management, planning, and policy; business and economics
Prerequisite(s): Microeconomics.
Pack, J.
The principle tool for project and policy evaluation in the public sector. Government projects have major effects on tax rates; with successful projects having the potential for reducing taxes and unsuccessful taxes often resulting in tax increases. Since taxes are important influences on the location of businesses and households, valuing government proposals, before they are undertaken, thus has enormous influence on the development community. For government, whose "products" are rarely sold, the valuation of costs and benefits by means alternative to market prices is necessary. It is the counterpart to cost accounting in private firms and provide guidance to avoiding wasteful projects and undertaking those that are worthwhile. In addition, given government regulations, cost benefit evaluations are critical for many private sector activities. Real estate developers, manufacturing firms, employers of all types are required to provide evaluations of environmental impacts and of urban impact for their proposed projects. They too must engage cost benefit analysis, in the evaluation of social benefits and costs.
Government analysts, consultants, and private firms regularly carry out cost benefit analyses for major investments -- bridges, roads, transit systems, convention centers, dams -- as well as for regulatory activities -- OSHA workplace safety regulations and the Clean Air Act are two important examples.

BPUB 960. (BPUB204, BPUB777) Cost Benefit Analysis.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; management, planning, and planning; business and economics
Prerequisite(s): Microeconomics.
Pack, J.
Cost-benefit analysis is the principal tool for evaluating government programs. It is used by government agencies and private firms. Government agencies are required to use cost-benefit analysis to attach values (in the absence of profitability measures) to physical infrastructure projects (roads, tunnels, waterworks, convention centers), social programs (job training, welfare reform), and regulatory activity (environmental, telecommunications, banking, occupational safety). Private firms perform and evaluate cost-benefit analyses in order to determine how they will be affected by these public interventions (infrastructure and regulation, in particular). Consulting firms often carry out these analyses under contract to government or to private firms.

BPUB 961. (OPIM261, OPIM761, BPUB261, BPUB761, SYS 567)Risk Analysis and Environmental Management.
Prerequisite(s): MGEC 621 or microeconomics.
Kunreuther.
See BPUB 261.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (CHE)

CHE 475. Environmental Engineering.
IES keywords: environmental focus; engineering, design, and systems
Prerequisite(s): Junior or Senior Standing.
Perlmutter.
A technological examination of alternative responses to environmental problems.

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CHEMISTRY (CHEM)

CHEM 012. (COLL003) Environmental Chemistry.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues, science
Staff.
The course requires math literacy at the high school algebra level (2 years) and a willingness to learn Excel. Students must also have taken one year of high school chemistry.
The course aims to teach chemical content and principles in the context of significant environmental issues. Topics to be covered include: composition of the atmosphere; protecting the ozone layer; chemistry of global warming; traditional hydrocarbon fuels and energy utilization; water supply, its contaminants, and waste water treatment; acid rain; nuclear energy; and new energy sources. Students will develop critical thinking ability, competence to better assess risks and benefits, and skills that will lead them to be able to make informed decisions about technology-based matters.

CITY AND REGIONAL PLANNING (CPLN)

CPLN 585. Land Use Planning: Principles and Practice.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; management, planning, and policy
Tustian.
Overview of the methods and tools for managing land use and shaping the built environment. Explores principles of successful plan creation emanating from theory and case studies.

CPLN 655. (CPLN455) Land Use and Transportation Planning.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; urban; management, planning, and policy
Tomazinis.
Exploration of the technological and design aspects of urban transportation systems including discussion of land use patterns and transportation, facilities operations, congestion, and environmental issues. Highlights current policy debates revolving around mobility issues at local, federal, and state levels.

CPLN 662. Metropolitan Regional Planning.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; management, planning, and policy
Staff.
Examination of factors shaping a region with a focus on the role of metropolitan planning organizations. Reviews growth management and environmental quality improvement efforts.

CPLN 666. Modeling Geographical Objects.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; management, planning, and policy
Tomlin.
Introduction to the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in urban and regional planning. Reviews the conceptual foundations of GIS. Students achieve proficiency in Arc View.

CPLN 676. Introduction to Environmental Planning & Policy.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues, engineering, design, and systems
Daniels.
Overview of national programs for protecting the environment, managing natural resource areas, preserving biodiversity, and remediating Brownfields, in an overall framework based on sustainability. Covers basic principles of geology, hydrology, limnology, and climatology, Oregon's Land Use Transportation Air Quality (LUTRAQ) connection, environmental impact assessment, environmental justices.

CPLN 764. (CPLN464) Issues in Environmental Planning.
IES keywords: environmental focus; management, planning, and policy
Keene.
Overview of administrative law, relevant constitutional doctrines, and American environmental doctrines, and American environmental policies and legal doctrines such as those embodied in the National Environmental Policy Act and the Superfund Act.

CPLN 765. Environmental Law: Selected Issues.
IES keywords: environmental focus; management, planning, and policy
Keene.
Overview of administrative law, relevant constitutional doctrines, and American environmental doctrines, and American environmental policies and legal doctrines such as those embodied in the National Environmental Policy Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Superfund Act.

CPLN 767. (UDES751, URBS767) Theory and Principles of Urban Design.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; urban; management, planning, and policy
Barnett.
An introduction to the theoretical basis for beliefs and practices in city and environmental design, including the relation of the built environment to the natural environment, the organization of groups of buildings, the use and meaning of public places, and the relation of technology to land use and community.

CPLN 770. GIS in Professional Practice.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; urban; management, planning, and policy
Staff.
Introduction to the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in urban and regional planning. Reviews the conceptual foundation of GIS. Students achieve proficiency in Arc View.

COMPARATIVE LITERATURE AND LITERARY THEORY (COML)

COML 777. (LARP773)Topics in Landscape Architecture I.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; history, humanities, and social sciences
Dixon Hunt.
Why do humans (alone among animals) make gardens? Do gardens change (culturally, historically) when human self-analysis and self-explanation take new forms? How do we parse human nature? What has it to do with botanical, zoological, geographical and horticultural natures? How do humans inscribe themselves upon the places they make?

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ENVIORNMENTAL STUDIES (ENVS)

ENVS 098. The Next Millennium: Would Technology Help Us Resolve the Environmental Dilemma?.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health; management, planning, and policy
Distribution I: May be counted as a Distributional course in Society.
Bokreta / Santiago-Aviles.
Over the last century we have witnessed the dominance of man over nature. Technology, our understanding of our environment and our consumption habits have been the principal weapons used to achieve this conquest. Now, at the beginning of a new millennium, many questions and concerns about our actions and perceptions are being raised. Can today's technology and the new knowledge about our environment and human nature assure our survival? How can we use the next one hundred years to reconstruct and restore our future? These are the fundamental questions that the class will investigate. The course will rely on evidence, the use of hypothesis and theories, logic as well as the students' scientific inquiry and creativity. We will discuss systems, models and simulations, constancy, patterns of change, evolution and scale.

ENVS 200. Introduction to Environmental Analysis.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Gen Req VI: May be counted towards the General Requirement in Physical World.
Giegengack.
An introduction to philosophy, techniques, and selected details of the application of a broad spectrum of disciplines that relate to environmental problems.

ENVS 295. Maritime Science and Technology: Woods Hole Sea Semester.
IES keywords: environmental focus; watersheds; science and health
Prerequisite(s): Laboratory course in physical or biological science or its equivalent; college algebra or its equivalent. 4 c.u.
A rigorous semester-length academic and practical experience leading to an understanding of the oceans. The Sea Semester is composed of two intensive six-week components taken off campus. The Shore Component-six weeks at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, with formal study in: Oceanography, Maritime Studies, and Nautical Science. This is followed by six weeks aboard a sailing research vessel, during which students conduct oceanographic research projects as part of the courses Practical Oceanography I and II.

ENVS 301. Environmental Case Studies.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Prerequisite(s): ENVS 200.
Doheny.
A detailed, comprehensive investigation of selected environmental problems. Guest speakers from the government and industry will give their accounts of various environmental cases. Students will then present information on a case study of their choosing.

ENVS 404. Urban Environments: West Philadelphia.
IES keywords: environmental focus; urban
Giegengack, Wright.
Local middle school visits required. Non-honors need permit.
A study of selected aspects of urban environments, with an emphasis on West Philadelphia. Students will engage middle school children in exercises of applied environmental research.

ENVS 405. Urban Environment II. Prevention of Tobacco Smoking.
IES keywords: environmental focus; urban
Prerequisite(s): ENVS 404 or permission of instructor. Local middle school visits required. Non-honors need permit.
Giegengack, Wright
A detailed analysis of urban environmental issues.

ENVS 407. (HSOC407) Urban Environments: Prevention of Tobacco Smoking in Adolescents.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues, health
Giegengack and Wright.
This course will examine the short and long term physiological effects of smoking, social influences, the effectiveness of cessation programs, tobacco advocacy and the impact of the tobacco settlement. Penn Students will work with middle school students on a campaign to prevent addiction to tobacco.

408. (HSOC408) Urban Environments: The Urban Asthma Epidemic.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues, health
Wright and Giegengack.
This course will examine the epidemiology of asthma, the potential causes of asthma, the public health issues and environmental triggers. Penn students will collaborate with the Children's Hospital's clinical research study - Community Asthma Prevention Program. Students will conduct environmental triggers classes in the community.

ENVS 450. Techniques in environmental accounting and system analysis.
Prerequisite(s): One year of introductory calculus and statistics, working knowledge of spreadsheet software.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues, health
Scatena.
This course will cover the development and analysis of environmental budgets and input-output models that are commonly used in earth and environmental science. The first part of the semester will concentrate on the physical laws, systems principles, and analytical tools used in developing and evaluating input-output models and environmental budgets. During the remainder of the semester we will develop and analyze hydrologic, energy and nutrient budgets for a variety of systems.

ENVS 452. Disturbances and Disasters
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues, health
Scatena.
This course will cover the earth and environmental science of natural disturbances and disasters. Floods, tsunamis, snow and ice storms, hurricanes, earthquakes, fires, droughts, and meteor impacts will be discussed and covered with case studies and readings. The distribution and frequency, geologic and ecosystem level impacts, and risk management of each disturbance will be discussed.

ENVS 463. (ENVS663, URBS463, URBS663) Brownfield Remediation.
IES keywords: environmental focus; urban; management, planning, and policy
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
Keene.
This course is intended to give an overview of the genesis of the so-called "Brownfield" problem and of the various efforts that our society is taking to try to solve, or at least ameliorate it. The course will place the "Brownfield" problem in the broader context of the growth and decline of industrial base cities like Philadelphia. Students will study the general constitutional and statutory framework within which we approach the problems of orphan, polluted sites and the disposal of contemporary solid wastes. They will also analyze the principal actions that have been taken by federal and state governments to address remediation and redevelopment of abandoned industrial sites. In addition, the course will explore environmental equity issues.

ENVS 502. Environmental Chemistry.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Doheny and Andrews.
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
The chemistry of water, air, and soil will be studied from an environmental perspective. The nature, composition, structure, and properties of pollutants, their means of detection and methods of purification and remediation will also be studied.

ENVS 504. Biogeochemistry.
IES keywords: environmental focus; watersheds; science and health
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
Gill.
The presence of life on Earth has had a profound effect on the chemistry of the planet. This course will examine the major elemental cycles of the globe, studying how these cycles link the atmosphere, oceans, and land. We will analyze how life influences these cycles, particularly how human activity affects them. We will study nutrient cycles in soil, wetlands, lakes, rivers, estuaries, the sea and the atmosphere, integrating these interactions to global-scale processes. One semester of chemistry recommended as background.

ENVS 507. Wetlands.
IES keywords: environmental focus; watersheds; science and health; management, planning, and policy
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
Willig.
The course will focus on the natural history of different wetland types including the factors of climate, geology, and hydrology which influence wetland development and associated soil, vegetation, and wildlife characteristics and key ecological processes. Lectures will be supplemented with weekend trips to different wetland types ranging from tidal salt marshes to non-tidal marshes, swamps, and glacial bogs in order to provide field experience in wetland identification, characterization, and functional assessment. Outside speakers will discuss issues in wetland seed bank ecology, federal regulation, and mitigation. Students will present a short paper on the ecology of a wetland animal and a longer term paper on a selected wetland topic. Readings from Wetlands by Mitsch and Gosseling (1993) and assorted journal papers, government technical documents, and book excerpts will provide a broad overview of the multifaceted field of wetland study.

ENVS 521. New England Field Ecology: Reading the Landscape.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Permission of instructor required. Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
Johnson/Siccoma.
Part of the MES program. In a three-week field course, using southern New England as a backdrop, students will develop the skills to understand how geology, topography, soils and plant communities on any site are linked through basic ecological processes. They will also learn which attributes of terrestrial ecosystems to analyze to reconstruct accurately the land-use history of a site and to predict the future of vegetative assemblages. Students will learn to write about the natural history of landscapes in a scientifically credible, but user-friendly fashion. This course will be based at the Yale Forestry School's Great Mountain Forest in Norfolk, CT. Students will visit sites in Connecticut, Massachusetts and New York that represent all of the major ecosystems of southern New England from salt marshes to montane coniferous forests.

ENVS 530. Rocky Mountain Field Geology and Ecology.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Giegengack/Bordeaux.
Field work is done in and around Red Lodge, Montana. An additional fee for Room and Board applies. Permission of the Instructor is required. Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
Designed for the MES program (open to non-MES students by permission of the instructor). This is a two-week intensive field course in the geology, natural history, and ecology of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, which comprises a range of environments from the mile-high semi-deserts of intermontane basins to the alpine tundra of the Beartooth Plateau above 12,000 feet. The program is based at the Yellowstone-Bighorn Research Association (YBRA) field station on the northeast flank of the Beartooth Mountains near Red Lodge, Montana. The course includes day trips from the field station as well as overnight visits to sites within Yellowstone National Park. Pre-trip classes will be held in Philadelphia during the two weeks before the trip to ensure that all students are adequately familiar with basic principles of field-based natural science.

ENVS 533. Research Methods in Environmental Studies.
IES keywords: environmental focus
LePage.
This course is designed to prepare Master of Environmental Studies students to undertake their Capstone exercises. In this course, we will discuss how to identify an appropriate research project, how to design a research plan, and how to prepare a detailed proposal. Each student should enter the course with a preliminary research plan and should have identified an advisor. By the end of the course, each student is expected to have a completed Capstone proposal that has been reviewed and approved by his/her advisor.

ENVS 541. Geographic Information Systems and Environmental Planning.
IES keywords: environmental focus; management, planning, and policy
Tomlin.
This course offers a broad and practical introduction to the acquisition, storage, retrieval, maintenance, use, and presentation of digital cartographic data with both image and drawing based geographic information systems (GIS) for a variety of environmental science, planning, and management applications. Its major objectives are to provide the training necessary to make productive use of at least two well known software packages, and to establish the conceptual foundation on which to build further skills and knowledge in late practice.

ENVS 575. (ENGL584, FOLK575, HSSC575) Environmental Imaginaries.
IES keywords: environmental focus; history, humanities, and social sciences
Hufford.
Behind struggles over resource use and patterns of development are collective fictions that relate people to their material surroundings. "Environmental imaginaries" refers to the contending discourses that arrange society around processes of development and change. What are the Cartesian fictions that enable the chronic separation of culture from environment? How are these fictions produced, enacted, and materialized in such diverse sites as Appalachian strip mines and Sea World, nature talk and permit hearings? How might alternative ways of knowing and being be conjured through naming practices, narratives, and other speech genres, as well as yardscapes, protest rallies and other forms of public display? Drawing on theories of worldmaking and ethnographic works on culture and environment, this seminar will examine the production of Cartesian-based environmental imaginaries and their alternatives across a range of such genres and practices.

ENVS 580. Ecology of Health.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: science and health: management, planning, and policy.
Sheehan
Movements of people and populations in various historic periods have led to the introduction of diseases new to a population. The colonial period, for example, witnessed the introduction of smallpox to the Americas by European colonizers, resulting in the decimation of indigenous populations. Accompanying changes in agricultural practices, ecological destruction, and changes introduced by war, development, and trade often led to altered habitat, diet, and disease patterns that threatened both colonizers and the colonized. Today, rapid and easy movement of individuals and goods around the globe, as well as new technologies, continued status inequality between rich and poor nations, and sociopolitical conflicts, have created a condition of new, emergent, and reemerging diseases. In addition, the ability of microbes to alter in response to changed environments makes identification and control of disease-causing agents a challenge to medical science.
This course will focus on the social, political, and economic sources and ramifications of world-wide disease patterns. Infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, tuberculosis, and AIDS will be examined. Ecological changes and new technologies often alter food resources, productive activities, and the environment resulting in new disease patterns; one example is arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh brought about by deeply bored wells. The activities of national and international organizations to cope with disease outbreaks, to formulate strategies for disease surveillance and notification, and to create solutions are important to understanding the state of global health. Selected case studies will be used, placing them within a framework of sociological analysis of health and disease, medical research, poverty and disease, as well as national and international organizational and policy responses.

ENVS 601. Proseminar: Contemporary Issues in Environmental Studies.
IES keywords: environmental focus
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
Pfefferkorn/Gill.
A detailed, comprehensive investigation of selected environmental problems. This is the first course taken by students entering the Masters of Environmental Studies Program.

ENVS 603. Environmental Sociology.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems.
Sheehan.
The context in which debates take place and decisions and laws about the environment are made, leads to a focus on the community, defined here as workers and residents. Members of urban and rural communities, situated near polluting factories, hazardous sites or landfills, are affected by these contaminants. Using a sociological framework, this course will study the community and its relationship to environmental issues. Community members often first identify local hazards; they form organizations, map polluted sites, and enumerate residents with diseases that may originate from contaminants. Sociologists identify these grassroots initiatives as community epidemiology. Social justice concepts highlight the intersection of race, poverty, and environmental hazards. Major social institutions -corporations, government agencies, health care providers--have played a role in covering over occupational and environmental hazards. Worker and community action has forced these institutions to take a role in identification and remediation of hazardous sites, and of continuous monitoring of neighborhoods and residents. In terms of health effects, among citizens, experts, and major institutions, and debates about both the local and global consequences of environmental hazards, will be among the topics covered. The emergence of institutional structures at the local, state, national, and international levels, to deal with environmental protection, identification and testing of hazards, and establishing limits for exposure, will be examined. The course will include readings on significant contemporary and historical occupational and environmental events in the United States. In addition, selected comparative, international case studies of occupational and environmental issues will be undertaken.

ENVS 604. Advanced Biogeochemistry.
IES keywords: environmental focus; watersheds; science and health
Prerequisites: A soils course would be helpful, but not required.
Vann.
The course will cover nature of the field and its application. Topics include: elemental cycling at various scales, from global to watershed level, the interaction between geology and biology in controlling elemental cycling, how these relationships have changed over the Earth's history and man's influence on these cycles.
The course will include an examination of the CENTURY computer model, a popular model for examining nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Students will submit a term paper on a related subject, such as comparing the functioning of two watersheds or summarizing current understanding of a particular cycle, etc.

ENVS 605. Assessment and Remediation of the Environment Using Biological Organisms.
IES keywords: environmental focus; watersheds; science and health
Vann.
This course is an introduction to current and developing techniques for analyzing environmental contamination and remediation of damaged environments. Knowledge of these options will be important for both students interested in policy/law options, as well as providing a starting point for those pursuing a more science-oriented understanding of environmental issues. The first portion of the course will address bioindicators--the use of living systems to assess environmental contamination. Many new methods of rapidly-analyzing environmental samples are becoming available. These include systems ranging from biochemical assays to monitoring of whole organisms or ecosystems, as well as techniques ranging from laboratory to field and satellite surveys. The course will survey these approaches to familiarize the student with this rapidly developing field. The second portion of the course will introduce techniques for bioremediation--the use of living organisms to restore contaminated environments. Several case studies will be provided (perhaps with external speakers). Students will be expected to prepare a final paper examining a particular technique in detail.

ENVS 606. Nature, Culture and the American Experience: Writing the Stories.
IES keywords: environmental focus; history, humanities, and social sciences
Samuels.
Celebrated in story and song, paintings and photographs, and as the destination of cultural elites and individual journeys of discovery, the American landscape has yielded not only the raw materials of nation building but also unique monuments of cultural identity. Readings (and screenings) in American history, literature, folklore, art, ecology, legal opinions, and nature essays will be selected to provide students with rich and varied source materials to inform and shape their own writing around topics that explore our changing views of nature, wilderness, and the American landscape. Assignments will include autobiographical writing as well as general non-fiction. In addition to conferences and written comments from the instructor, students will serve as a community of readers for their peers' work.

ENVS 607. From Bartram to Janzen: Thinking about Nature in America.
IES keywords: environmental focus; history, humanities, and social sciences; management, planning, and policy
Offered through CGS - See current Timetable.
Bourque.
This seminar will explore the history of environmental thought in the United States from roughly the 18th century to the present. Topics include: the use and development of natural resources: the definition, planning, and management of public spaces such as national parks, game lands, and zoos; establishment of environmental standards; the emergence of conservation ecology; "green" politics; and ecofeminism. Students will be encouraged to examine the public discussion of these issues as well as the development of policy. Course requirements include several short papers (3-5 pages) and active participation in class discussion.

ENVS 608. Public Voices, Private Rights: Perspectives on American Environmentalism.
IES keywords: environmental focus; history, humanities, and social sciences
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
Minott.
This course will address various aspects of American environmentalism. We will look at structural issues such as the foundations of environmental protection in common law, the constitutional limits on environmental protection, and the creation of bureaucratic environmental policy making. We will also look at philosophical issues such as American Conservationism and Preservationism, the anti-environmental backlash, and environmental justice. Finally, we will discuss scientific and legal issues such as the economics of risk, the question of who can speak for Nature, and voluntary actions/command and control.

ENVS 609. Environmental Remediation Strategies: Diplomacy, Modesty, and Charm.
IES keywords: environmental focus; management, planning, and policy
Offered through CGS - See current Timetable.
Law/Potter.
This seminar will review the process of remediating hazardous-waste sites. Rather than focus on the statutes, regulations, guidelines, and policies, the class will explore the realities, inadequacies, and conflicts of the decision-making process as it operates today. The interplay of the various stakeholders is not straightforward - government agencies and their contractors have different objectives and requirements that are not always complimentary, or grounded with common sense. Responsible party groups can consist of one to hundreds of individual companies, government agencies, or even individuals - all of whom have the objective of minimizing their liability (financial responsibility). Identifying and developing a consensus solution that is acceptable to all stakeholders and at the same time provides the best possible cleanup takes the skills of a "Swiss Delegate".
Several guest speakers will discuss their experiences - they will provide the views of industry and government, as well as those of legal and environmental professionals. In addition, site visits are planned to three Superfund sites in the Philadelphia area. Course requirements include active participation, a class project, and a short presentation.

ENVS 610. Regional Field Ecology.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
Willig.
Over the course of six Saturday field trips, we will travel from the barrier islands along the Atlantic Ocean in southern New Jersey to the Pocono Mountains in northeastern Pennsylvania and visit representative sites of the diverse landscapes in the region along the way. At each site we will study and consider interactions between geology, topography, hydrology, soils, vegetation, wildlife, and disturbance. Students will summarize field trip data in a weekly site report. Evening class meetings will provide the opportunity to review field trips and reports and preview upcoming trips. Six all-day Saturday field trips are required.

ENVS 611. Seminar in Experimental Design.
Permission of Instructor.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems.
Vann.
Analysis of scientific research is critical to informed policy decisions and the resolution of legal and regulatory issues. This course is designed to introduce the non-scientist to scientific methods and thought and its limitations, and to introduce the basic concepts of experimental design and statistical analysis. The student will gain insight into understanding and evaluating scientific papers and research, as well as learning to apply these techniques to the student's own efforts, such as capstone research projects.

ENVS 612. Advanced Environmental Chemistry.
IES keywords: environmental focus; watersheds; science and health
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
Nemeroff.
This course will examine the environmental contamination of water, air, and soil. Students will continue the evaluation of composition, structure and properties of pollutants, their means of detection and methods of purification and remediation. Successful completion of ENVS 502 or a thorough knowledge of general and organic chemistry is recommended.

ENVS 613. Water in Environmental Planning.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems
Curley.
This course will present a combination of technical and non-technical material. Its purpose is to introduce the people who are not engineers or scientists to the practices that engineers and scientists use to study water and watersheds. It will present the following concepts: Hydrology, Water Treatment, and Waste Water.

ENVS 617. Nature Writing: A Taxonomy.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: history, humanities, and social sciences
Samuels/Hoffman.
Ranging across time periods, subject matter and forms of expression, this course is designed to familiarize students with the broad spectrum of American thinking and writing about nature. Subjects will include seeing, exploration and discovery, speaking a word for nature, intervention and exploration, urban wilds, watery worlds, re-imagining the desert, the land ethic, solitude and rambles, finding home and natural history expressed in the form of essays, poetry, novels and short stories. Assignments will include autobiographical writing as well as general non-fiction. In addition to conferences and written comments from the instructors, students will serve as a community of readers for the work of their peers.

ENVS 620. Violence and the Environment.
IES keywords: environmental focus; history, humanities, and social sciences; management, planning, and policy
Minott.
Governments, corporations, environmental organizations, anti-environmental organizations, and individuals have resorted to violence as a means to achieving an environmental end. Although some defend such violence as the only way to achieve specific goals, do the ends ever really justify the means? Does violence have a place in the environmental movement? How should environmentalists respond to pro- or anti-environmental violence? This course will study instances of such violence and explore why violence has been seen as an acceptable or, sometimes, the only way to achieve a desirable end.

ENVS 621. Environmental Policy Making and Sensitive Populations.
IES keywords: environmental issues, science and health management, planning, and policy
Minott.
Everyone is exposed to environmental hazards, yet certain populations are at particular risk. This class will examine the special relationship that these groups have with the environment. The course will start with a review of emerging environmental health issues and then start focusing to specific sensitive groups such as children, people of color, low income, and people with preexisting health conditions. How do (or should) environmental policy makers address the threat to these population sub-groups. What policies have worked and which ones have failed.

ENVS 622. Crossing Borders: Policy, Regulatory and Management Issues in Transboundary Environmental Protection.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: planning, and policy
Feldman
Transboundary issues arise at the local, regional, supra-national, and global levels. Pollution does not respect political boundaries; habitats are defined by ecosystems, not by regulation. This course will introduce the difficulties posed by cross-border issues and, using case studies, explore a range of policy, regulatory and management mechanisms employed to address these challenges. Among the topics to be covered include: interstate compacts (e.g. Chesapeake Bay), NAFTA Commission on Environmental Cooperation (e.g. biodiversity in North America), Regional Cooperation (e.g. Baltic Sea, international watercourses), European Union regulation (e.g. Hazardous Waste directives and the Basel Convention), and international conventions (e.g. The Kyoto Protocol on greenhouse gas emissions).

ENVS 623. Function and Management of Lakes, Rivers, and their Watersheds.
IES keywords: environmental focus; watersheds; science and health
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
Johnson, Goulden, and Patrick.
This course will describe the importance of the watershed to riverine and lake ecosystems. We will show how, from using GIS, GPS, and biological data, one can monitor the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of lake and river ecosystems. Finally, we will describe the function of ecosystems operative in lakes and rivers.

ENVS 624. Overview of Environmental Justice: Issues, Actions and Visions for the Future.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated, management, planning, and policy
Harris and Thompson
Many people refer to the Environmental Justice Movement as the most significant social rights movement to occur in this country since the Civil Rights Movement Communities around the United States have expressed concerns related to the siteing, permitting and clean up of hazardous waste sites in minority and low-income areas. Beginning with the protests in Warren County, North Carolina, Environmental Justice has become a most critical and controversial issue in this country. This course will provide an overview of the history, guiding principles, and issues of concern regarding Environmental Justice and will examine the approaches taken by communities, EPA, state and local government over the years to address these concerns. Students will be expected to evaluate and assess the various issues and case studies presented to them in a critical fashion, and to discuss these case studies, and make recommendations for appropriate action.

ENVS 625. Environmental Law.
IES keywords: environmental focus; management, planning, and policy
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
Howland.

ENVS 626. Business and the Natural Environment.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated, management, planning, and policy
Heller.
This course explores dramatic changes taking place at the interface of business, society, and the natural environment. Previously, business and environmental interests were believed to be adversarial. Now, some contemporary thinkers are suggesting that environmental capabilities can be a source of competitive advantage for corporations. A recent Harvard Business Review article refers to the sum of these changes as "The Next Industrial Revolution." In this course we will study examples on the cutting edge of these developments. We will look at corporations that are creating a "double bottom line" by strategizing about the ecological impact of their decisions, as well as the economic impact. We will learn about industrial designers who are rethinking everything from tennis shoes to corporate headquarters' buildings with the environment in mind. We will consider new alliances among business, environmental activists and government regulators -- all stakeholders in a sustainable society.

ENVS 627. The Delaware River: An Environmental Case Study.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Laskowski and Collier.
The Delaware River and Estuary offer an opportunity to examine efforts to protect the environment in a multi-state, economically and ecologically complex area. This case study will review environmental protection efforts in and around the River, the stressors on the environment, and attempts to balance environmental protection with economic, employment, and other needs. It will address scientific issues , relationships between air /water quality, transportation and sprawl issues, the balancing of water quality and water quantity. Students will learn about the institutions responsible for managing this complex system, and what goals and indicators of progress are used by these organizations. Students will be asked to research in detail one or more aspects of the environmental management systems, identify the key drivers in determining environmental quality, recommend improvements to the system, and propose a vision for the future.

ENVS 628. Global Environmental Politics
IES Keywords: environmental issues, management, planning, and policy
Hunold
Nation-states and multinational corporations are the most powerful actors in the global political economy. What does this mean for efforts to protect the global environment? Do environmental activists stand a chance? Drawing on insights from green political theory, international relations, and political economy, the field of global environmental politics may have the answer. Following a survey of relevant state and non-state actors in global environmental politics and a review of major international environmental agreements, we will examine diverse theories of global environmental politics. Regime theory, global governance, green critiques of globalization, green theories of state sovereignty, and social movement theory offer competing accounts of the role of state, society, and economy in creating and managing global environmental change. Our goal will be to assess these competing explanations and strategies for promoting global ecological sustainability.

ENVS 629. Conservation and Land Management.
Some Saturday field trips will be required.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated, management, planning, and policy
Heckscher.
This course will consist of weekly seminars, along with a practicum. The seminars will be devoted to some central issues in conservation science, such as preservation of biodiversity, populations and ecosystems, design of preserves, fire ecology, and adaptive management. Each student will be expected to undertake a practicum, working with a conservation professional on an issue related to protection or management of one or more natural areas.

ENVS 630. Overview of Current Environmental Protection: Management Practices and Future Directions.
IES keywords: environmental focus; management, planning, and policy
Laskowski.
Environmental Protection Management (EPM) is a complicated endeavor, involving science, law, economics, information management, engineering, and other disciplines. A variety of approaches have been used in administering the dozens of federal, state, and local environmental laws. Some of these approaches are regulatory in nature; some are non-regulatory. Some have limited involvement of the various stakeholders; some are driven almost entirely by the public and related interest groups.

ENVS 631. Major Global Environmental Problems of Today and how we must deal with them tomorrow.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Laskowski
Global environmental problems of today are some of the greatest challenges of the new millennium. Almost everyone is in some way part of the problem and increasingly will be asked to be a part of the solution. The problems that we face today often differ from those of the past because it is sometimes difficult for the international community to agree on the extent, causes, and impacts of the problem and how to allocate responsibility for the resolution of the problem. Governments, businesses and NGOs around the world have recognized the need to take the initiative and address these issues through regulation, voluntary approaches, and cooperation on an international level. How best to manage these problems is the constant challenge. This course will provide an overview of several of the major global environmental problems facing the world today, and how they are connected by common causes, underlying themes and concepts critical to the understanding and management of these issues. It will examine the over-arching concepts of sustainability and globalization as well as frameworks for assessing and managing the issues. The course will also consider the role of the major players/stakeholders in the situation, including governments, non-government organizations, and private sector individuals/participants, and where appropriate, touch on such issues as intergenerational aspects and the potential long-term irreversibility. With the assistance of regional and national experts, we will address specific problems, such as: human populations and their environmental impact; issues surrounding resources such as food, water, habitats, and energy; global climate change; the ozone layer; and problems of international/environmental terrorism, catastrophes, and disease. Each student will prepare a report and presentation on some aspect of a topic discussed during the term.

ENVS 632. Professional Case Studies in Environmental Analysis and Management.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Laskowski
This course is designed for students nearing the end of their MES program. It will provide students with hands-on experience working with local environmental professionals on projects in the Delaware Valley region. Each student will select a project made available by a local public or private agency. Among the tasks that students will perform are data collection and analysis, project planning, and documentation. Each student will prepare a detailed report under the direction of the agency representative that can be the basis for a Capstone project. Those interested in continuing on to the Capstone phase will use the report as the basis for a publishable document to be prepared in conjunction with the participating agency.

ENVS 634. Green Design and the City.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems
Berman
Can our cities become examples of sustainable design? Does inner city revitalization tie into sustainability? Are there successful examples to learn from? This seminar will focus on how existing cities attempt to integrate green design principles within them. It will look at case studies, both in the US and abroad. Urban design and transportation will be examined within this context, including how to create pedestrian friendly spaces. Infill construction and the adaptive use of existing buildings will be discussed, as well as the reuse of Brownfield sites. We will also look at what types of construction actually constitute green buildings. We will take advantage of our local resources within Philadelphia, and include visits to nearby sites, along with talks by local experts. There will be a series of short projects given throughout the term. They will usually include both a written component and a presentation to the class. The energetic execution of these projects, their presentations and the subsequent discussions, will be a key part of this seminar.

ENVS 640. Digital Mapping.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Smith / Giegengack.
Global positioning systems (GPS) and geographic information systems (GIS) have greatly changed the way cartographic data is collected and analyzed. This course will discuss design strategies for mapping projects involving GPS, differential GPS, and GIS, and provide a hands-on introduction to the use of these technologies. The principal emphasis of the course will be on learning to choose appropriate and efficient data acquisition techniques and to develop data collection protocols suited to the aims of any given project. Though the mechanics of importing digital data into GIS will be discussed, and the analytical capabilities of GIS will be an important factor in project design, actual data analysis through GIS will not be taught.

ENVS 641. Cartographic Modeling.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; science and health
Tomlin.
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
This course explores the nature and use of digital geographic information systems (GIS) for the analysis and synthesis of spatial patterns and processes through 'cartographic modeling'. Cartographic modeling is a general but well defined methodology that can be used to address a wide variety of analytical mapping applications in a clear and consistent manner. It does so by decomposing both data and data-processing tasks into elemental components that can then be recomposed with relative ease and with great flexibility.

ENVS 642. Ecophysiology of plants.
Prerequisite(s): Introductory biology, plant ecology or permission of instructor.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Vann
The course will examine how environmental factors have shaped the nature and evolution of physiological processes in plants, as well as discussing how anthropogenic alteration of the environment may influence plant responses in the future. Using field and lab studies, students will be introduced to techniques and instrumentation used in the discipline, such as gas exchange analysis and stable isotope techniques.

ENVS 645. A Primer on Stream and River Ecology.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Blain
This class explores streams and rivers from the perspectives of both the natural and social sciences. Students will get a solid grounding in the hydrology, geology, physics, chemistry, and biology of streams and rivers, and they will learn how all these fit together in a watersheds ecosystem. They will also examine the impacts that human development has had on such ecosystems over time -- how rivers have become polluted, what mechanisms they have to fight pollution, and what we need to do to protect, maintain and restore them now and in the future. In addition to considering such questions within a theoretical framework, the class will look at issues in the real world. Students will set up an actual monitoring system, in which they will process samples taken from above and below a sewage treatment plant in a local stream, and then analyze and interpret the sample data. They will also learn about ongoing research projects in the watersheds that supply New York City its drinking water and in the streams and rivers of developing nations. In both cases, they will not only the science but also the politics of streams, rivers, and the water that they convey.

ENVS 663. (ENVS463, URBS463, URBS663) Brownfield Remediation.
IES keywords: environmental focus; urban; management, planning, and policy
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
Keene.
Advanced version of ENVS 463. The students will collaborate with high school students at the West Philadelphia High School to identify sites in their neighborhoods and to learn how to determine the sites ownership and land use history. The students will study ways of determining environmental risk and the various options that are available for remediation in light of community ideas about re-use. Students will be expected to participate actively in the seminar and the sessions with high school students. Students in the course are required to prepare and present a term paper on a topic in the general area of "Brownfield" analysis and remediation.

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ECONOMICS (ECON)

ECON 020. Economic History and Development.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; management, planning, and policy; business and economics
Distribution I: May be counted as a Distributional course in Society.
Prerequisite(s): ECON 001 and 002.
Heston.
A survey of the economies of the Third World, and an evaluation of their policies and prospects for economic growth in light of experience since 1800 in the presently industrialized countries and in the light of various theories of growth. Reform movements, structure of adjustment policies, and environmental issues will also be emphasized.

ECON 130. Economic Policy Analysis.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; management, planning, and policy; business and economics
Distribution I: May be counted as a Distributional course in Society.
Prerequisite(s): ECON 003.
Staff.
This course has three parts. The first looks at market and government failures and discusses the need for public policies as well as limits to their effectiveness. The second part is a detailed study of cost-benefit analysis. The last part is a partial survey of topics in public policy such as regulation of public utilities, environmental policy and anti-discrimination policy.

ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE (EAS)

EAS 300. Maritime Science and Technology: The Sea Semester.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Prerequisite(s): Laboratory course in physical or biological science or its equivalent; college algebra or its equivalent. 4 c.u.
A focused academic and practical experience offered by Sea Education Association, Inc. for university students interested in understanding the sea and maritime matters. The Sea Semester is composed of two intensive six-week components taken off campus. The Shore Component-six weeks at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, with formal study in: Introduction to Oceanography. A survey of the characteristics and processes of the global ocean. Oceanographic concepts are introduced and developed from their bases in biology, physics, chemistry, and geology. Courses: introduction to maritime studies, introduction to nautical science, oceanographic laboratory I & II.

ENGLISH (ENGL)

ENGL 584. Environmental Imaginaries.
IES: environmental focus; history, humanities, and social science
Hufford.
Behind struggles over resource use and patterns of development are collective fictions that relate people to their material surroundings. "Environmental Imaginaries" refers to the contending discourses that arrange society around processes of development and change. What are the Cartesian fictions that enable the chronic separation of culture from environment? How are these fictions produced, enacted, and materialized in such diverse sites as Appalachian strip mines and Sea World, nature talks and permit hearings? How might alternative ways of knowing and being be conjured through naming practices, narratives, and other speech genres, as well as yardscapes, protest rallies and other forms of public display? Drawing on theories of worldmaking and ethnographic works on culture and environment, this seminar will examine the production of Cartesian-based environmental imaginaries and their alternatives across a range of such genres and practices.

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GEOLOGY (GEOL)

GEOL 001. Our Planet Earth.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; science and health
Gen Req VI: May be counted towards the General Requirement in Physical World.
Bordeaux or Fonjweng. Only offered through CGS and Summer Sessions.
An introduction to geology for non-science majors and those who are particularly curious about the nature of our planet and the scientific controversies about its past and its future.

GEOL 003. (PHYS003) Evolution of the Physical World.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; science and health
Gen Req VI: May be counted towards the General Requirement in Physical World.
Pfefferkorn/Segre.
The big bang, origin of elements, stars, Earth, continents and mountains.

GEOL 100. Introduction to Geology.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Gen Req VI: May be counted towards the General Requirement in Physical World. Field trips required.
Phipps.
An introduction to processes and forces that form the surface and the interior of the Earth. Changes in climate and the history of life. Earth resources and their uses.

GEOL 103. (COLL 003) Natural Disturbances and Human Disasters.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Scatena.
Natural disturbances play a fundamental role in sculpturing landscapes and structuring natural and human-based ecosystems. This course explores the natural and social science of disturbances by analyzing their geologic causes, their ecological and social consequences, and the role of human behavior in disaster reduction and mitigation. Volcanoes, earthquakes, floods, droughts, fires, and extraterrestrial impacts are analyzed and compared.

GEOL 109. Geology for Engineers and Architects.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; science and health; engineering, design, and systems
Open to architectural and engineering majors; others admitted only by permission of instructor. Field trips.
Phipps.
Relations of rocks, rock structures, soils, ground water, and geologic agents to architectural, engineering, and land-use problems.

GEOL 111. Geology Laboratory.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; science and health
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 001 or 100, preferably taken concurrently. Field trips required.
Phipps.
Hands-on study of earth materials and processes. Identification and interpretation of rocks, minerals and fossils. Topographic and geologic maps. Evolution of landscapes. Field trips lead to a synthesis of the geologic history of southeastern Pennsylvania.

GEOL 125. Earth and Life through Time.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Gen Req VI: May be counted towards the General Requirement in Physical World.
Pfefferkorn or Bordeaux.
Origin of Earth, continents, and life. Continental movements, changing climates, and evolving life.

GEOL 130. Oceanography
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Gen Req VI: May be counted towards the General Requirement in Physical World.
Grottoli or Pfefferkorn.
The oceans cover over 2/3 of the Earth's surface. This course introduces basic oceanographic concepts such as plate tectonics, marine sediments, physical and chemical properties of seawater, ocean circulation, air-sea interactions, waves, tides, nutrient cycles in the ocean, biology of the oceans, and environmental issues related to the marine environment.

GEOL 201. (GEOL521, GEOL531) Mineralogy.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 100 and CHEM 001 or 101.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Omar.
Crystallography, representative minerals, their chemical and physical properties. Use of petrographic microscope in identifying common rock-forming minerals in thin section.

GEOL 204. Mineral Economics.
Gen Req VII: May be counted towards the General Requirement in Science Studies.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; science and health
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 001 or GEOL 100 or permission of instructor.
Staff.
Types and significance of major ores, industrial minerals, and fuels. Methods and costs of exploration, evaluation, mining and processing. Environmental problems.

GEOL 205. (GEOL406) Paleontology. Bordeaux.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 100 or permission of instructor. Two field trips required.
IES Keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Geologic history of invertebrates and their inferred life habits, paleoecology, evolution. Introduction to paleobotany and vertebrate paleontology.

GEOL 206. (GEOL506) Stratigraphy.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 100 or permission of instructor. Two field trips, field project.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Horton.
Introductory sedimentary concepts, stratigraphic principles, depositional environments, and interpretation of the rock record in a paleoecological setting.

GEOL 208. (GEOL630) Structural Geology.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 100 and 111; PHYS 150 strongly recommended. Three field trips required.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Phipps.
Introduction to deformation as a fundamental geologic process. Stress and strain; rock mechanics. Definition, measurement, geometrical and statistical analysis, and interpretation of structural features. Structural problems in the field. Maps, cross-sections, and three-dimensional visualization; regional structural geology.

GEOL 317. Petrology and Petrography.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 201. Two field trips.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Omar.
Occurrences and origins of igneous and metamorphic rocks; phase equilibria in heterogeneous systems. Laboratory study of rocks and thin sections as a tool in interpretation of petrogenesis.

GEOL 390. Geology Field Work
4-8 weeks, usually during the summer.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Giegengack.

GEOL 401. Environmental Geology.
IES keywords: environmental focus; watersheds; science and health
Willig.
The purpose of this course is to better understand the interactions of humans and the environment through an examination of geologic processes and features as they influence and are influenced by human activities. The ultimate goal of such study is to make better land use decisions. Following a review of some basic geologic concepts, we will study hazardous geologic processes including volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, river flooding, coastal flooding and erosion, landslides, and subsidence. Next we will discuss environmental impacts associated with the use of fossil fuels, water, and soils. The course will conclude with student presentations of selected topics in environmental geology.

GEOL 404. International Mineral Resources.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; science and health; management, planning, and policy
Staff.
The origin, nature and international importance of mineral deposits. A multidisciplinary approach to consider the role of non-renewable resources in developing countries and in technically advanced nations.

GEOL 405. Paleoecology.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 205 or permission of instructor.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Bordeaux
Relationship of fossil assemblages to life assemblages; structure of ancient communities, and interaction of organisms with each other and with the physical environment; evolution of communities.

GEOL 415. Paleobotany.
Prerequisite(s): Basic course in Geology or Biology or permission of instructor. Two field trips.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Pfefferkorn
Fossil record and evolution of plants. Methods and application of paleobotanical research.

GEOL 417. Advanced Petrology.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 317.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Omar
Chemistry, physics, phase equilibria, microscope study in igneous and metamorphic petrology.

GEOL 418. Geochemistry.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; science and health
Omar.
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to theory and applications of chemistry in the earth and environmental sciences. Theory covered will include nucleosynthesis, atomic structure, acid-base equilibrium, thermodynamics, oxidation-reduction reactions. Applications will emphasize oceanography, atmospheric sciences and environmental chemistry, as well as other topics depending on the interests of the class. Although we will review the basics, this course is intended to supplement, rather than to replace, courses offered in the department of Chemistry. It is appropriate for advanced undergraduate as well as graduate students in Geology, Environmental Science, Chemistry and other sciences, who wish to have a better understanding of these important chemical processes.

420. Introduction to Geophysics.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 100 or 109, two semesters Math and Physics, and/or instructor's permission.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Doheny
Concepts of geophysical modeling, inverse problem solving, numerical methods, and computer methods as applied to geophysics. Radioactivity, heat transport in the Earth, and magnetic fields, rock magnetism, and seismology.

GEOL 428. Introduction to Isotope Geochemistry.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; science and health
Omar.
This course is for advanced undergraduate students interested in learning about or pursuing applications of isotope geochemistry, with an emphasis on biological and climatic processes (e.g. plant physiology, soils, nutrient cycling, atmospheric chemistry).

GEOL 501. Pleistocene Geology.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 100 or equivalent.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Giegengack
Origin, extent in space and time, and effect on geologic processes of Late Cenozoic climatic change; Pleistocene stratigraphy in different parts of the world.

GEOL 502. Data Analysis and Computer Modeling in Geology.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 100 or 109 and the instructor's permission.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems:
Phipps
Data analysis from simple parametric statistics to multivariate statistics, including cluster and factor analysis. Additional topics include: Bootstrapping, Markov chains, runs tests, spectral analysis, and other general techniques to analyze data sequences and time-series. Map studies include: analysis of distributions of points and lines, directional data, spherical distributions, shape and trends surfaces.

GEOL 511. Geology of Soils.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 100 or equivalent. Field trips.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Johnson
Nature, properties, genesis, and classification of soils; soils of the United States.

GEOL 515. Evolution/Revolution of Land Ecosystems.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Permission of instructor needed.
Dimichele/Wing.
Origin and diversification of land ecosystems. Interaction between plants and animals. Effects of past climatic change and other external factors. The importance of past changes in land ecosystems to our understanding of current global change.

GEOL 517. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Omar.

GEOL 520. Nuclear Geology.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 100, and permission of instructor.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Omar.
Natural radioactivity, Earth's heat, nuclear age determination, geochemistry of stable isotopes, and geological applications of nuclear technology.

GEOL 521. (GEOL201, GEOL531) Mineralogy of Rock Preservation.
Graduate School of Fine Arts students only.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Omar.
Advanced crystallography, representative minerals, their chemical and physical properties, with emphasis on building stone preservation. Use of petrographic microscope in identifying common rock-forming minerals in thin section.

GEOL 525. Plant Paleoecology.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Pfefferkorn.
Deciphering the ecology of fossil plants, ecosystems, and landscapes through quantitative and qualitative methods.

GEOL 528. Aqueous Geochemistry.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 100 and 511 and permission of instructor.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Johnson.
Chemical composition and interactions of soils and soil water with applications to current problems.

GEOL 530. Hydrogeology.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Mastropaolo.
Flow of water (and associated contaminants) in natural porous media.

GEOL 531. (GEOL 201, GEOL 521) Advanced Mineralogy. (B)
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Omar.
Advanced crystallography, representative minerals, their chemical and physical properties. Use of petrographic microscope in identifying common rock-forming minerals in thin section.

GEOL 535. Macroevolution.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Staff.
Topics in evolution: speciation, extinction, rates of evolution, the origination of higher taxa and novel forms, adaptive radiation, mass extinction, species selection, and escalation of biotic interaction. Special emphasis will be given to topics of interest to the students.

GEOL 540. Geotectonics.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 205, 206, 208, 317 and 420, or permission of instructor. Field trip.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Phipps.
Bulk structure of the Earth. Plate tectonics and plate boundaries. Plumes, rifting, and intraplate tectonics. Geotectonics and seismicity.

GEOL 546. Basin Analysis.
Undergrads need permission of instructor.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Staff.
An in-depth study of selected depositional basins using petrologic, stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and seismic techniques. Aspects of the depositional processes and basin architecture will be considered in light of the tectonic regime associated with basin formation.

GEOL 555. Problems in the Early Evolution of Vertebrates.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 100, GEOL 205. Short paper based on fossil vertebrate materials.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Staff.
An analysis of key problems in the paleontology and evolutionary biology of early vertebrates, including: origins of chordates, origins of bone and other hard tissues, organization of the vertebrate head, origins of the major vertebrate classes, environmental contexts of key vertebrate transitions, diversifications of Paleozoic fishes, origin and diversifications of tetrapods, extinctions.

GEOL 568. Advanced Taxonomy and Systematics.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 100. Undergraduates need permission from instructor.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: design, and systems
Staff.

GEOL 599. Independent Study.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Staff.
Directed study for individuals or small groups under supervision of a faculty member.

GEOL 602. Geotechnics: Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering.
Prerequisite(s): Permission of Instructor.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems:
Doheny.
The course begins with a study of the Earth's composition, the formation of soil materials by the weathering process (Physical and Chemical), and a discussion of soil mineralogy, with particular emphasis on the clay minerals. Following this introduction, soil classification systems and physical properties of soils will be presented, as well as the State of Stress in a Soil Mass together with Seepage Theory and Groundwater Flow. The technical portion of the course will conclude with the development of Consolidation Theory and Analyses, Shear Strength Theory, Lateral Earth Pressure Theory and Application, and Slope Stability Analysis.
The course will conclude with the presentation of two Case History Sessions, presenting applications of Geotechnical Eioengineering Practice and the influence of the Geologic setting.

GEOL 604. Geostatistical Analysis.
Prerequisite(s): Bio 446 or equivalent statistics course; Bio 556 suggested or other Inferential Statistics courses, covering uni- and multi-variate techniques.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Vann.
Univariate and multivariate approaches to the analysis of spatial correlation and variability. Many disciplines, including geology, ecology and the environmental sciences regularly need to analyze and make predictions from data that is spatially autocorrelated. Mine reserve estimation, pollutant dispersal and the use of randomization tests in ecology are examples where spatial statistics may be applied.

GEOL 605. Advanced Paleobiology Seminar.
May be repeated for credit.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Staff.
Current topics in paleobiology.

GEOL 606. Topics in Sedimentary Petrology and Stratigraphy.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 205, 206, 706 or permission of instructor.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Pfefferkorn.
Analysis of selected paleoenvironmental, stratigraphic, and sedimentological problems in the field and laboratory.
ADVANCED STRATIGRAPHY: In-depth study of sedimentology, stratigraphic principles, and paleoecological interpretation based on the rock record.
SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY: Interpretation of rocks using microscopic techniques. Students will make thin-sections of various sedimentary rock types collected from regional depositional basins (Geol 706). Diagenetic, syn- and post-depositional processes will be investigated.

GEOL 608. Research Topics in Earth Science.
May be repeated for credit.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Vann.
This course is designed to prepare graduate students to undertake their research projects. In this course, we will discuss how to identify an appropriate research project, how to design a research plan, and how to prepare a detailed proposal. Each student should enter the course with a preliminary research plan and should have identified an advisor. By the end of the course, each student is expected to have a completed thesis proposal that has been reviewed and approved by his/her advisor.

608. Research Topics in Earth Science
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 511 or permission of instructor. All day field trips.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Johnson.
Processes of soil development in a variety of temperate environments. Effects of lithology and climate on soil properties.

GEOL 613. (LARP513) Hydrology.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Johnson.
Emphasis on basic concepts and principles of hydrology. Framework will be the concept of the continuous natural movement of water in the hydrological cycle.

GEOL 615. Advanced Vertebrate Paleontology Seminar.
May be repeated for credit.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Dodson.
Topics in vertebrate paleontology and paleoecology.

GEOL 616. Geology of the Carboniferous Period.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Pfefferkorn.
Paleogeography, biogeography, stratigraphy, paleoclimatology, flora, and fauna of the Carboniferous Period.

GEOL 617. Topics in Sedimentology.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 206 or permission of instructor.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
CLIMATE CHANGES THRU TIME: Issues of anthropologenically-induced climate changes are hotly debated. However, it is not possible to make meaningful predictions of future climates without understanding the forces that have controlled past climates. This course will review the geologic evidence for past climate changes and discuss processes that affect global climate changes. It will involve analysis and modeling of various sedimentary environments, systems, and processes.
ANCIENT TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS: Multi-disciplinary approaches and techniques that enable the extraction of comprehensive information (weathering, deposition, diagenisis, tectonics) from ancient continental deposits. The goal is the reconstruction of integrated environmental, geographic, and climatic conditions for selected time slices.

GEOL 618. Geochemistry Seminar.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: science, geology
Staff.
Topics in geochemistry.

GEOL 620. Geophysics Seminar.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Staff.
Topics in solid Earth geophysics.

GEOL 624. Geologic Remote Sensing.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems:
Staff
This graduate level course will instruct students in geologic applications of remotely sensed images and other data. The course begins with classical methods of interpreting aerial photographs and stereo pairs. This is followed by an introduction to and use of modern remote sensing data from aircraft to satellite to space probe, and from visible light to infrared to thermal to microwave lengths.

GEOL 625. Advanced Paleobotany Seminar.
May be repeated for credit.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Pfefferkorn
Topics in paleobotany, paleoecology and evolution.

GEOL 626. Seminar in Fluvial Sedimentology.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 206 or equivalent.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Pfefferkorn.
Exploration of fluvial sedimentology in different climates and topographies. The emphasis will be on sedimentary basins. Modern and fossil environments will be compared.

GEOL 628. Seminar in Isotope Geochemistry.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; science and health
Prerequisite(s): Intermediate background in chemistry, physics, biology, or geology.
Staff.
This course is for advanced undergraduates and graduate students interested in learning about or pursuing applications of isotope geochemistry, with an emphasis on biological and climatic processes (e.g. plant physiology, soils, nutrient cycling, atmospheric chemistry). We will meet to discuss readings both from the literature and textbook chapters where necessary for background. Grading will be on the basis of class participation and short weekly writing assignments. The latter will be completed prior to the class by both students and professor to ensure thorough discussion of each topic.

GEOL 636. Quantitative Paleoclimatology.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Staff
This course provides a comprehensive, rigorous survey of our knowledge of the Earth's climate system, ancient to modern. Topics to be covered will include geological evidence for past climate changes, with an emphasis on quantitative methods using geochemistry and geophysics; the basis of earth system modeling; statistical climatology; climate change detection; time-series analysis in climatology.

GEOL 637. Recent Climate Change.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Grottoli.
Increases in "greenhouse gases" produced through human activity appear to be affecting the Earth's climate. This course will examine climate change over the last 500 years. We will examine the available instrumental records over this time period as well as proxy climate records such as ice core, tree ring, sediment cores, coral cores and others. Students will research individual topics and present them regularly, review published articles, and attend some seminars.

GEOL 639. Isotopes in Paleoclimatology
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Grottoli.
Isotope records in tree rings, ice cores, corals, and sediments can be used to reconstruct past climate variables such as temperature, salinity, atmospheric CO2, El Nino events, cloud cover and precipitation. This course focuses on isotope techniques and applications in paleoclimatology. Special emphasis will be placed on stable carbon, stable oxygen and radiocarbon. This course is suitable for upper level undergraduates and graduate students.

GEOL 640. Topics in Global Geology.
May be repeated for credit.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Staff.
Selected topics in planetary-scale geology; these may include comparative planetology, regional plate tectonics, or interactions between the biologic and physical universes (periodic and catastrophic extinctions, global change, etc.)

GEOL 646. First Billion Years: The Early History of Earth and Life.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Phipps.
The course will cover the origin of the Earth, from its constituent atoms to planetesimals; the formation of the Earth including its accretion and differentiation; the early bombardment history of the Earth and the formation of the Moon; the cooling of the Earth and the origins of continents and oceans; various theories for the origin of life; and the Archean world, including tectonics, the evolution of the atmosphere and oceans, and early life.

GEOL 650. Seminar in Appalachian Geology.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Staff.
Late Proterozoic to Triassic evolution of the Appalachian orogeny; the course is synthetic, but may have a stratigraphic, petrologic, structural, or plate-tectonic focus.

GEOL 652. Physical Geology for Environmental Professionals.
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Doheny.
Study of the genesis and properties of earth materials (minerals,rocks,soil, water); consideration of volcanic,erosional, glacial, and earthquake processes along with the characterization of the earth's deep interior crustal and near-surface structure.Classroom study of minerals, crystals, fossils, and rocks as time permits.

GEOL 653. Introduction to Hydrology.
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Conaboy.
Introduction to the basic principles of the hydrologic cycle and water budgets, precipitation and infiltration, evaporation and transpiration, stream flow, hydrograph analysis (floods), subsurface and groundwater flow, well hydraulics, water quality, and frequency analysis.

GEOL 654. Geomechanics.
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems:
Mechanical properties of solid and fluid earth materials, stress and strain, earth pressures in soil and rock, tunnels, piles, and piers; flow through gates, wiers, spillways and culverts, hydraulics, seepage and Darcy's law as applied to the hydrologic sciences.

GEOL 655. Engineering Geology I.
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems:
Engineering properties of earth materials; engineering testing, classification and use of earth materials; geologic and geophysical investigations and monitoring; geologic hazards; planning and use of the geologic environment.

GEOL 656. Fate and Transport of Pollutants.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems:
Ruga.
This course covers basic groundwater flow and solute transport modeling in one-,two- and three-dimensions. After first reviewing the principles of modeling, the student will gain hands-on experience by conducting simulations on the computer. The modeling programs used in the course are MODFLOW (USGS), MT3D, and the US Army Corps of Engineers GMS (Groundwater Modeling System).

GEOL 657. Field Geophysics. Prerequisite(s): GEOL 420: Introduction to Geophysics.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems:
Doheny.
Use of geophysics field equipment (gravity, magnetic, seismic, electrical,electromagnetic, and radar) to collect geologic site investigation data. Theoretical analysis of collected geophysical and geological data to interpret subsurface conditions.

GEOL 663. Groundwater Modeling.
Offered through CGS - See current timetable.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems
Doheny / Freed.

GEOL 665. Engineering Geology II.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 655-Engineering Geology I.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems:
Doheny.
A continuation of Engineering Geology I

GEOL 666. Geology Field Work.
4-8 weeks during the summer.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Giegengack.

GEOL 677. Seminar in Environmental Geology.
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Giegengack.

GEOL 706. Topics in Regional Geology.
Prerequisite(s): GEOL 208 &/or 206, preferably both; GEOL 390. Field Trips required.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Phipps.
Topics in sedimentology, stratigraphy, petrology, and/or structural geology of selected regions. Regional geologic synthesis and tectonics.
FORELAND BASINS: Structure, sedimentology, and biology/paleobiology of forelandbasins, based on the study of modern and ancient examples. These will include the modern Persian Gulf region, and the ancient Carboniferous Appalachian basin. There will be at least one field trip.
DEPOSITIONAL BASINS: Investigation and interpretation of a number of different tectonically-controlled basins throughout the region. Field work essential. All-day and weekend field trips required. Students will integrate stratigraphic, sedimentological, structural, and tectonic principles within various basinal settings.

GEOL 715. Paleobiology Seminar.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Staff.
Origin of coal, coal petrology of coal bearing basins.

GEOL 777. Seminar in Quaternary Environments.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Giegengack.
Interdisciplinary approach to selected environmental problems of the Pleistocene.

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GENERAL HONORS (GENH)

GENH 210. (AFST 078, HIST214, URBS078) Urban University Community Relations: Faculty-Student Collaborative Action Seminar.
See AFST 078.

HISTORY (HIST)

HIST 035. (HSOC035, HSSC035) Biology and Society.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: history, humanities, and social sciences
Gen Req VII: May be counted towards the General Requirement in Science Studies. Adams.
This course will explore the emergence of modern evolutionary biology, the ways it has reflected our concepts of life and nature, and the human and social implications of biological theories and ideas. We will focus on some of the central historical figures that have shaped our understanding-Linnaeus, Lamarck, Darwin, Mendel, Galton--and the implications of their ideas for who we are, where we come from, and where we are going.

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HISTORY AND SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENCE (HSSC)

HSSC 100. History of American Science.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; history, humanities, and social sciences
Distribution II: May be counted as a Distributional course in History & Tradition.
Lindee.
In this introductory lecture course, we will explore the development of American science, 1800 to the present, with particular attention to the construction of scientific knowledge as private (corporate) knowledge. Topics to be considered include "soil science" and the management of natural resources; "adventure" sciences (geology, paleontology) and the settlement of the American West; science and military technology; the development of penicillin; the post-war contract (science and the state after 1945); nuclear power; molecular biology; and the rise of the biotechnology industry. Our goal is to understand the forces that have shaped the privatization of scientific knowledge in the American context.

HSSC 265. (HIST320) Environmental History.
IES keywords: environmental focus; history, humanities, and social sciences
Distribution II: May be counted as a Distributional course in History & Tradition.
Kohler.
The focus of this course will be on interactions between human and natural agencies in migrations agricultural and technological systems and the use of natural resources.

HSSC 338. "Nature Red in Tooth and Claw".
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; history, humanities, and social sciences
Kuklick.
Throughout all recorded time, moral lessons have been conveyed to humankind with fables about behavior within the animal kingdom. This course will begin with examination of historical examples of nature study pursued to illuminate human concerns. Its primary objective is to consider contemporary examples, however. We will stress (but not confine ourselves to) the image of nature in popular culture. Our subject matter is uncharted terrain: we will ourselves be doing research during the course of the semester. Our potential topics are various, but they will certainly include television nature programs and the dinosaur craze that has possessed young children in the recent past.

HSSC SM 360. Science and the Environment.
IES keywords: environmental focus; history, humanities, and social science
Distribution II: May be counted as a Distributional course in History & Tradition.
Kohler.
This seminar will explore the history of environmental sciences -- mainly in North America -- from the perspective of environmental and devised field practices in response to particular landscapes, but their responses to natural places were mediated by their environmental sciences are the result of evolving interactions between changing nature and changing culture.

HSSC 565. Environmental History.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; history, humanities, and social sciences
Kohler.
A reading seminar in recent environmental or ecological history. Topics include epidemics and history, the Columbian exchange, the ecology of land-use and settlement, cultural perceptions of nature, cities and their regions, and ecology and environmentalism.

HSSC 575. (ENGL584, ENVS575, FOLK575) Environmental Imaginaries.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: history, humanities, and social sciences
Hufford.
Behind struggles over resource use and patterns of development are collective fictions that relate people to their material surroundings. "Environmental imaginaries" refers to the contending discourses that arrange society around processes of development and change. What are the Cartesian fictions that enable the chronic separation of culture from environment? How are these fictions produced, enacted, and materialized in such diverse sites as Appalachian strip mines and Sea World, nature talk and permit hearings? How might alternative ways of knowing and being be conjured through naming practices, narratives, and other speech genres, as well as yardscapes, protest rallies and other forms of public display? Drawing on theories of world making and ethnographic works on culture and environment, this seminar will examine the production of Cartesian-based environmental imaginaries and their alternatives across a range of such genres and practices.

INSURANCE AND RISK MANAGEMENT (INSR)

INSR 205. Risk Management.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; management, planning, and policy; business and economics
Prerequisite(s): None.
Staff.
This course describes the concepts and techniques available to corporations, non-profit organizations and other organizations in their efforts to manage pure risks. The costs associated with such pure risks as product liability, environmental impairments, property losses, job-related risks, and employee benefits (e.g., pensions, health insurance, etc.) affect the daily management of a firm as well as its long-term survival. The course examines a common set of techniques which can be used by managers in dealing with these problems, including risk assumption, prevention, diversification, and transfer via insurance and non-insurance market mechanisms. In this regard, managers learn to recognize that the institutional structure of the organization itself influence its own risks and their corresponding treatments.

INSR 811. Risk and Crisis Management.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; management, planning, and policy; business and economics
Prerequisite(s): None.
Staff.
Risk is central to most business activity. A particular class of risks faced by firms offers only the prospect of loss; sometimes catastrophic loss resulting in bankruptcy. Such risks include: product liability, environmental liability, damage to corporate property, job related risk, etc. This course identifies these types of risks and their input on firms. Strategies for dealing with such risks are examined, such as hedging, financing, re-contracting and organizational redesign. (Mini course - 6 weeks).

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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECHTURE & REGIONAL PLANNING (LARP)

LARP 511. Workshop I: Ecology and Materials (Module 1 and 2).
IES keywords: environmental focus; watersheds; science and health; engineering, design, and systems
Willig and Falck.
Module 1: Land, Water and Vegetation Systems; This workshop examines particular sites within the major physiographic regions in the vicinity of Philadelphia (inner and outer coastal plains, piedmont plateau, etc.) where the inter-connections between the underlying geology, hydrology, vegetation, and human interventions are discussed. Field trips to both natural and constructed sites introduce students to the substance and ecology of these places; there are trips to bogs, forests, flood plains, dunes, and uplands, etc. A vocabulary (recognition, identification and nomenclature) of the materials of landscape, its substance, its ecology, and its changing nature owing to place and time is developed.
Module 2: Transformation of Materials; This workshop examines the transformation and production of materials used in the construction of landscapes. The relationship between rock type, landform assemblages and stone extraction and manufacturing; the production of plants, their modes of cultivation, propagation, and plant management (coppice, polarding, etc.); and the transformation of wood from forest plantations to standard size lumber are examined both in their sites of production and in built landscapes. Field trips to nurseries, quarries, lumber yards, as well as to urban sites where the students observe those materials, seen in Module 1 in their natural state, now transformed to comply with the aesthetic and functional requirements of urban landscapes.

LARP 512. Workshop II: Landform and Planting Design (Module 1 and 2).
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health; engineering, design, and systems
Corequisite(s): Summer Field Ecology Laboratory/Willig.
Reed/Palms/Willig.
Module 1: Landform; This foundation workshop focuses on the means by which landscapes are shaped by earthwork grading. Lectures and exercises develop the student's sensibility toward three-dimensional form given by ground-plane manipulation. Students explore the formal, textural, and scalar differences between naturally-occurring landform types, such as eskers, drumlins, etc., and human scaled landform types, such as stairs, ramps, and terraces. Related environmental considerations, such as drainage, aspect, growth, and the relationship between planting and landform are also covered in this workshop. Teaching in Workshop II emphasizes hands-on work with modeling and drawing, and field trips to sites that are especially appropriate for observing, measuring, and experiencing the sculptural qualities and capabilities of landform.
Module 2: Planting Design; This workshop focuses on both the cultural and the technical aspects of planting design. Through a series of short design projects students investigate the characteristics of basic plant typologies, such as bosque, grove, glade, allee, hedgerow, etc., their origins in productive landscapes, and their application to contemporary landscape architecture. Students also learn technical aspects of planting such as basic horticulture, hardiness zones, and soil requirements. Planting details, planting plans and plant lists, specifications, plant inspection and selection criteria, and site inspections are also covered at this time. During the first week of May, an intensive session on field ecology and plants (both as individuals and as members of a plant community), their identification and growth habits, supplements this course.

LARP 540. Theory II: Topics in Landscape Architecture.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; history, humanities, and social sciences; engineering, design, and systems
J.Hunt/L.Olin.
This course considers a series of topics - issues, ideas, themes that recur in design ("the permanence of any architectural topic results from its essential correspondence with a recurring and fundamental human situation" D. Leatherbarrow). The list of topics is subject to some change and revision each year, but includes space, scale, meaning, type & typology, the "three natures", representation, ecology, regionality and locality, the sacred . . . Since topical arguments are always circumstantial and local, we explore different historical instances of any given topic before addressing its contemporary significance. At issue, as well, is the contested field of theory and practice.

LARP 611. Workshop III: Site Engineering and Water Management (Module 1 and 2).
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; watersheds; engineering, design, and systems; management, planning, and policy
Olgyay
Module 1: Site Engineering: grading, circulation. This intermediate workshop continues the study of landform manipulation with particular emphasis on the design of infrastructure. Students explore more complex exercises of contour manipulation, vehicular and pedestrian circulation systems, road and path alignment, and drainage and utility planning.
Module 2: Water Management This workshop focuses on the study of water in the landscape, with particular emphasis on the role it plays as a determining factor on the functioning and viability of landscapes. Students learn to assess the drainage characteristics of a site as a basic tool for understanding landscapes. Direction and expression of water flow, storm water management, swales, retention and detention basins, riparian plantings, and wetlands restorations are addressed in this workshop.
Teaching in both of these workshops includes illustrated lectures, case studies, and field trips. Students are asked to develop grading and circulation schemes as well as water management solutions for their projects in design studio, thus incorporating the workshop into the design activities of the curriculum.

LARP 612. Workshop IV: Advanced Landscape Construction (Module 1 and 2).
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; urban issues; engineering, design, and systems
Falck/Berrizbeitia.
Module 1: Manufactured Sites Topics; This advanced workshop presents innovative techniques associated with current professional practice in landscape architectural construction, engineering, and planting design with special emphasis on urban landscapes. A number of special topics and case studies such as site remediation, landfill sites, structural soils and urban plantings are introduced by specialists.
Module 2: The Art and Craft of Detailing; The last workshop introduces the student to designing construction details. The various materials employed in the design of the ground plane and its conditions of change: surfaces, transitions, accessibility and the laws of ADA, joints, seams, edges, etc.; free standing and retaining walls; decks and overhead structures; and understanding and developing specifications, are some of the topics covered in this module.
The teaching in Workshop IV includes detailed studies of construction documentation, project design, material and horticultural technology, and new building techniques. These studies are facilitated through case studies and visits to selected built works and professional offices.

LARP 627. Landscape Architecture Culture Since 1969.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; history, humanities, and social sciences
Berrizbeitia.
This course investigates significant transformations in landscape architectural discourse during the last three decades. More specifically, it will focus on four major frameworks that effectively restructured the way we think about landscapes. The first, from semiotics, is the emergence of the methodology of texts as paradigm in both criticism and design. The second is the disruption of disciplinary boundaries between art, landscape and more recently, architecture, that forced each one in turn to expand and redefine its own terms, field of operations, and public image. The third framework, materialism, focused our understanding of landscape as a practice of habitation and production on the land, rather than as a purely visual aesthetic experience. Finally, we will examine the expansion in approaches and definitions to standard landscape terms, such as site, ecology, and form. Together, these two groups of lectures will serve as support material for a semester-long project, a dictionary of landscape ideas. This course fulfills the Larp Theory III requirement.

LARP 741. Modeling Geographic Space.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems
Tomlin
The major objective of this course is to explore the nature and use of image-based (as opposed to drawing-based) geographic information systems (GIS) for the analysis and synthesis of spatial patterns and processes. This course is open to all. Previous experience in GIS is not required. Offered in fall., annually.

LARP 743. Imaginative Ecologies.
IES keywords: environmental focus; history, humanities, and social science; management, planning, and policy
Corner.
Emergent Forms and Practices in Complex Landscapes; The world is shifting toward forms and practices that are increasingly flexible, pliant, inventive, adaptive, and capable of responding quickly to changing circumstances. Ecology provides instruction in these various regards, less for its naturalistic and moralistic content but more because of its concepts, vocabularies and ideas that describe complex, dynamic systems, systems that do not have predictable or linear ends but that endlessly evolve, adapting, changing, emerging. Far from amorphous, chaotic structures, ecology shows how the complexity of emergent systems belongs to highly ordered series of organizations - both physical and regulatory. This research seminar introduces a number of critical texts and ideas on issues of complexity and alternative organizational structures. It draws from the expertise of ecologists, corporate managers, information specialists, media designers, planners and architects working in this area of research, with a number of guest lecturers invited to present their work. The aim is to develop new vocabularies and techniques pertinent to more openly fluid forms and practices of design.

LARP 750. Urban Horticulture.
IES keywords: environmental focus; urban; management, planning, and policy
Meyer.
Designing and Managing Landscape Plantings in Stressful Environments; Stressful environments offer special challenges to landscape planners and managers. It is important to understand the environmental stresses of the site and how best to ameliorate them to meet the physiological needs of the plants. Course topics include: selection of adaptable species, protection of existing plants during construction, site preparation, special urban planting techniques, tree care practices, and integrated pest management in the urban environment. Field trips include the Morris Arboretum, the Penn campus, Independence National Historic Park, Society Hill and Center City Philadelphia.

LARP 767. Rethinking the Region.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; urban issues; management, planning, and policy
da Cunha.
The region is one of the most influential ideas of the twentieth-century. It underlies many prominent design movements including regional planning, new town design, vernacular architecture, sustainable development, ecological design, new urbanism, and critical regionalism. Yet little attention is paid to the idea of the region, to the diversity of its interpretations and appropriations. Its `boundaries' are disputed and counter movements vigorously oppose it. But does everyone refer to the same thing when they use the term, region? Has a lack of clarity induced designers and planners to turn to more `project-scale' concerns? There is a need to clarify the region, particularly as it is once again assuming a leading role in efforts to resolve the environmental crisis, tackle issues of identity, and re-situate the city.

LARP 779. Topics in Ecological Design.
IES keywords: environmental focus; engineering, design, and systems; management, planning, and policy
Katrin Scholz-Barth.
This elective course explores relevant topics in ecological design and new technologies as they relate to contemporary landscape architecture. The course explores topics such as sustainability, habitat restoration, hydrology, green roofland; green architecture technology, soil technology, and other techniques pertinent to the construction of ecologically dynamic, functioning landscapes. The teaching faculty are leading practitioners and researchers in the field. This course is open to all interested GSFA students.

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LEGAL STUDIES (LGST)

LGST 204. (LGST804, MGMT846, REAL204, REAL804) Legal Aspects of Real Estate Financing and Development.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; management, planning, and policy
Poindexter.
This course examines the fundamentals of real estate financing and development from a legal and managerial perspective. The course serves as a foundation course for real estate majors and provides an introduction to real estate for other students. It attempts to develop skills in using legal concepts in a real estate transactional setting. The tax aspects of the real estate transactions studied are covered. The course would be of interest to students contemplating careers in accounting, real estate development, real estate finance, city planning, and banking. The main topics covered vary by instructor and may include the following: land acquisition; subdivision; construction; permanent loans; joint ventures; management (leasing, environmental); limited partnership; disposition of real property (sale of mortgaged property, foreclosures, wraparound mortgages, sale-leasebacks); and recent legal developments.

LGST 215. (LGST815, MGMT213, MGMT713) Environmental Management: Law & Policy.
IES keywords: environmental focus; management, planning, and policy; business and economics
Orts.
This course provides an introduction to environmental regulation and its effect on business practices and policy. The primary aim of the course is to give students a sense of the business risks and opportunities created by contemporary environmental law and to explore management of environmental issues at both national and international levels.

LGST 219. Law and Policy in International Business.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; management, planning, and policy; business and economics
Mayer.
This course introduces students to relevant features of the various legal systems currently governing the conduct of international business -- national, regional and international. Topics include international dispute resolution, jurisdictional and choice of law problems, treatment of foreign investments, foreign corrupt practices, conflicting standards on labor and the environment, and competition law. Policy problems that are presented by conflicting laws, gaps in laws, and developing international standards to govern business operations will be addressed.

LGST 220. International Business Ethics.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; management, planning, and policy; business and economics
Dunfee.
Legal Studies 220 involves a multi-disciplinary, interactive study of business ethics within a global framework. Alternative theories about how to act ethically in global environments are presented. The process of managing global business ethics is emphasized. Critical current issues are introduced and analyzed. Examples include bribery, global sourcing, environmental sustainability, social reports, intellectual property and e-commerce in a global context, and dealing with conflicting standards and values across cultures. Views of business ethics in China, Japan, Russia, Africa, Europe, and South America are considered. Perspectives include professional and applied ethics, law, public policy, organizational design, strategy, and organizational behavior.

LGST 224. Human Rights and Globalization.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; management, planning, and policy; business and economics
Mayer.
Controversies have burgeoned since the July 2000 UN Global Compact, which calls for international businesses to follow consistent standards regarding the environment, human rights, and labor. This course will introduce the human rights framework relevant for international business operations and will compare competing perspectives on the pros and cons of requiring compliance with uniform human rights standards - especially when businesses based in capital-exporting nations operate in emerging economies. Various arguments will be examined that have been put forward by governments, businesses, international institutions, academics, and NGOs both favoring and opposing the trend towards universal application of human rights standards. A number of case studies will also be assessed.

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MATERIAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING (MSE)

MSE 455. (MSE 555) Environmental Degradation
Prerequisite(s): MSE 220 or permission of the instructor.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated: engineering, design, and systems
This course is designed to provide an understanding of the corrosion principles and the engineering methods used to minimize and prevent corrosion. Metals and alloys are emphasized because these are the materials in which corrosion is the most prevalent. Aqueous environments are also emphasized these are the common corrosion conditions. In the first half of the course, the impact and electrochemical nature of corroare described, and then the corrosion fundamentals (electrochemical reactions, phase (pourbaix) diagrams, aqueous corrosion kinetics, passivity, and high-temperature oxidation) are emphasized. The forms of corrosion (galvanic, pitting and crevice, environmentally induced cracking) and corrosion in the human body (for example, surgical implants and prosthetic devices) and in other selective environments (concrete, seawater, and water solutions containing dissolved salts, sulfur, and bacteria) are also described in the second half. Corrosion in the human body (for example, surgical implants and prosthetic devices) and in other selective environments (concrete, seawater and water solutions containing dissolved salts, sulfur, and bacteria) are also described in the second half.

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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MECHANICS (MEAM)

MEAM 502. (MEAM402) Energy Engineering.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; science and health
Prerequisite(s): MEAM 203, and MEAM 333 and 338 (the latter two could be taken concurrently with MEAM 402), or equivalent. This course is cross-listed with an advanced level undergraduate course. It may be taken by M.S.E. students for credit. M.S.E. students will be required to do some extra work, they will be graded on a different grade scale than undergraduate students, and they will be required to demonstrate a higher level of maturity in their class assignments. MEAM doctoral candidates will not be permitted to count 400/500 courses as part of their degree requirements.
Quantitative introduction to the broad area of energy engineering, from basic principles to applications. The focus is on the science and engineering, but environmental impact and some economic considerations are included. A review of energy consumption, use, and resources; methods of energy and exergy (second law) analysis; power cycles, combined cycles, and co-generation; batteries and fuel cells; nuclear energy wastes; fusion power; solar energy; power generation in space.

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NURSING (NURS)

NURS 670. Industrial Hygiene (Taken at Temple Univ).
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; science and health
Discussion of environment controls and criteria: industrial hygiene survey and report: Dusts and aerosols; gases, vapors and mists; solvents; metals and metal compounds; noise and vibrations; heat and cold stress; illumination; non-ionizing radiation; methods of analysis and evaluation.

NURS 677. Environmental Toxicology (Taken at Temple Univ).
IES keywords: environmental focus; science and health
Techniques in measuring physiological responses are followed by studies of the effects of environmental toxicants upon the whole animal and isolated tissues.

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OPERATIONS & INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (OPIM)

OPIM 261. (OPIM761, PPMT261, PPMT761, PPMT961, SYS 567) Risk Analysis and Environmental Management.
IES keywords: environmental focus; management, planning, and policy; business and economics
Staff.
This course explores the role of risk analysis in structuring health, safety and environmental management problems. The advantages and limitations of techniques such as decision analysis, multi-attribute utility theory, and cost-benefit analysis are specifically evaluated. Risk perception and risk assessment are explored in the context of societal problems where different interested parties may view the same situation from their own perspectives. The course investigates alternative strategies for dealing with these conflicts such as negotiation and compensation, incentive systems, insurance and regulation for such problems as clean-up of toxic waste, siting of hazardous facilities and reduction of greenhouse gases. A course project enables each student to apply the concepts discussed in the course to a concrete problem.

OPIM 761. (OPIM261, PPMT261, PPMT761, PPMT961, SYS 567) Risk Analysis and Environmental Management.
Staff.
See description for OPIM 261.

OPIM 762. Environment & The Firm.
IES keywords: environmental focus; management, planning, and policy; business and economics
Staff.
MBA mini elective. This course is one of the set of mini-elective courses satisfying the core requirement.
This course approaches environmental issues from the standpoint of business. It uses case studies to examine the interactions between the environment and the firm and the consequent changes that have resulted in consumer attitudes, laws, regulations and taxes.
The course has four objectives: to increase environmental literate to ask questions about environmental issues as managers carry out their traditional business functions; cause them to recognize environmental concerns as competitive opportunities; teach them to think strategically and act entrepreneurially on environmental issues.

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PHILOSPHY (PHIL)

PHIL 079. Environmental Ethics.
IES keywords: environmental focus; management, planning, and policy; history, humanities, and social science
Staff.
The course offers a survey of ethical and policy issues relating to the environment. Topics to be discussed include, the moral standing of the non-human environment and its habitants, environmentalist concerns about the adequacy of traditional philosophical and economic conceptions of value and specific environmental problems, such as population pressure and biodiversity.

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POLICTICAL SCIENCE (PSCI)

PSCI 116. Political Change in the Third World.
IES keywords: environmental issued incorporated; history, humanities, and social science
Distribution I: May be counted as a Distributional course in Society.
Sil.
This course will provide an overview of the politics and society in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The first five weeks will focus on such questions as: What are the effects of the "colonial legacy" inherited by most countries in the "Third World?" Why have certain countries been able to maintain stable and effective government institutions while others have experienced revolutions, civil wars and rampant corruption? What are some of the obstacles to economic development? The second part of the course will focus on the experiences of several countries, including Brazil, India, Iran, and Nigeria. The last part of the course will attempt to locate politics and society in "Third World" countries within the context of larger global issues such as North-South relations, the recent waves of democratization and privatization, international environmental concerns, and the role of women in "Third World" development.

PSCI 150. International Relations in Theory and Practice.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; history, humanities, and social sciences
Distribution I: May be counted as a Distributional course in Society. Rousseau.
This course is designed to introduce students to theories of international politics and to survey the contemporary international system. It will begin with an overview of the major theoretical visions of international relations and a survey of important historical periods. We will then use these theoretical lenses to examine major international events and issues confronting states in the international system today. Topics will include the emergence of the Cold War, the breakdown of the Soviet Union, the rise of the European Union, the spread of nuclear weapons, the economic development of Third World states, the impact of international trade, the violation of human rights, and the degradation of the global environment. Requirements will include short written assignments, a midterm, and a final exam.

PSCI 154. Politics of Global Environment.
IES keywords: environmental focus; history, humanities, and social sciences
Distribution I: May be counted as a Distributional course in Society.
Staff.
This course explores the emerging politics of global ecological decay and restoration occurring at the individual, local, nation-state, and international levels.

PSCI 231. Business, Government and Public Policy.
IES keywords: environmental focus; history, humanities, and social science; management, planning, and policy; business and economics
Gottschalk.
Assesses the contemporary role of business in public policy, concentrating on health-care reform, environmental policy, electoral politics, economic policy, and the media. Focuses primarily on the United States in the postwar period, but surveys earlier eras and makes explicit comparisons with other advanced industrialized countries.

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PSYCHOLOGY (PSYC)

PSYC 475. (PPE 475) Philosophy, Politics and Economics.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; management, planning, and policy; business and economics, history, humanities, and social sciences
Baron.
Students will write several brief papers about the reading and one longer seminar paper on one policy issue.
The philosophy of utilitarianism, intended as a basis for government, holds that government should try to increase total good (or, looking at it from the other side, decrease total bad). Modern governments try to do this in several ways: economic theory itself is partly utilitarian; some forms of cost-benefit analysis are more explicitly utilitarian; and some citizens and politicians adopt this as their own goal. Two impediments stand in the way of this program: 1., the difficulty of measuring utility; and, 2., the existence of powerful non-utilitarian intuitions about fairness, agency, and politcal participation itself. This seminar will first introduce some relevant utilitarian theory and some psychological research on utility measurement and moral intuitions, and it will then discuss attempts to apply utilitarianism to public policy, with particular emphasis on health care and environmental issues. Possible topics (somewhat up to the class) include health-care rationing, Superfund and risk regulation in general, fisheries regulation, the Food and Drug Administration's policies for new drugs, population policy, active euthanasia, and global warming (international equity issues, and the Geritol solution).

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REAL ESTATE (REAL)

REAL 206. (PPMT206, PPMT772, REAL972) Urban Public Policy & Private Economic Development.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; urban issues; business and economics
Pack.
This course considers the pervasive interactions between real estate developers and government. Governments influence real estate development through zoning laws, taxes, public expenditures, infrastructure investments, building regulations, and environmental regulations, to name just a few. Private real estate developers are the prime movers in determining urban development patterns. Thus the course will consider how private development is influenced by, and influences, government regulation and how governments influence and respond to private activities.

REAL 972. (PPMT206, PPMT772, REAL 206)Urban Public Policy & Private Economic Development.
Pack.
See REAL 206. Several guest lecturers from the private, not-for-profit, and public sectors are scheduled to make presentations. All PhD students will be expected to complete a research paper in addition to the successful completion of the course examination requirements.

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RELIGIOUS STUDIES (RELS)

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SYS)

SYS 140. The Systems Approach to Problem Solving.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; engineering, design, and systems
Prerequisite(s): Freshman Standing; Sophomores require permission.
This is a case-based course in which students are presented with complex problems and led to use the systems approach and systems tools to find acceptable solutions. The case problems lie in the fields of transportation, telecommunications, manufacturing, environmental planning, and delivery of services. The solution processes require defining and modeling of the situations and lead to queuing and optimization issues. Students utilize a variety of computer simulation programs and mathematical methods to address each case. Group work, technical writing, and oral presentations are required throughout the course and in a final project.

SYS 360. (SYS 566) Introduction of Environmental Systems.
IES keywords: environmental focus; engineering, design, and systems; management, planning, and policy
Resources/Environment life-complex is examined in the framework of systems logic. The attributes of the life-complex; enclosure, finiteness, dynamic property and accessibility are discussed and formulated. Strategies and technologies of control, consistent with these properties and systems requirements are identified and examined, using methods of systems design and management.

SYS 361. (SYS 561) Water and Wastewater Treatment.
IES keywords: environmental focus; watersheds; science and health; engineering, design, and systems
Prerequisite(s): Chem 101.
This course presents the fundamental principles needed to provide the rationale for the design of biological, chemical and physical processes for water and wastewater treatment. Principles developed in this course are applied to a design project.

SYS 395. Systems Engineering Lab.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; engineering, design, and systems
Prerequisite(s): SYS 200, 301, 302, 303, 304 (may be taken as corequisites).
This course is designed to integrate the core disciplines of the system science and engineering curriculum. The course consists of laboratory exercises in each of the following areas: Transportation, Manufacturing, Telecommunications, and Environment/Resources. These laboratory exercises draw on the students' knowledge of dynamic system modeling, probability and statistics, optimization, simulation, and control.

SYS 400. Engineering Economics.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; engineering, design, and systems; business and economics
Prerequisite(s): Knowledge of calculus and probability.
Economic analysis for decision making among alternative courses of action in engineering, business and government. Rate of return, net present value, benefit-cost and other criteria for private and public project evaluation. Effects of depreciation, taxes, and finance on project feasibility. Decision-making under risk and uncertainty. Cost-effectiveness and multi-objective evaluation methods. Cost estimation and allocation. Example applications to various fields, including manufacturing and logistics, environmental transportation, and water resources planning.

SYS 405. Systems Methodology.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; engineering, design, and systems; management, planning, and policy
Prerequisite(s): MATH 240, SYS 301 or equivalent.
This course introduces students to the basic processes for system design and engineering and examines the management of systems engineering projects. We first discuss the systems viewpoint and the systems engineering process. Next we examine issues relating to requirements specification and problem formulation. We highlight different methods for systems modeling and forecasting and for choosing among different system alternatives the course also provides specific examples of systems engineering taken from the fields of telecommunications, manufacturing, environment/resource systems, and transportation.

SYS 440. Geotechnical Systems.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; engineering, design, and systems
Application of theory to design; bearing capacity theory; deep piers 'contact pressure' pile; stability of embankments and caissons; combined footings and foundation; earthquake response; soil-structure interactions. Principles of soil mechanics and groundwater hydraulics, soil mechanics application to Civil Engineering practice. Basic analysis, design and construction of earth and earth supported or loaded structures. Background for subsurface environmental problems such as waste disposal, remediation. Laboratory project.

SYS 501. Multicriteria Decision Making.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; engineering, design, and systems
Prerequisite(s): SYS 301, SYS 304 or equivalent.
Presentation of recently developed techniques for decision making when multiple criteria or objectives exist. Fundamentals of multi-attribute utility theory and multi-objective programming will be examined including the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Examples drawn from the areas of finance, water resources, transportation, and environment.

SYS 551. Transportation Systems: Design and Operation.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; urban; engineering, design, and systems
Analysis, design and operation of highway and urban transportation systems. Review of traffic engineering. Vehicle, driver, roadway and environment characteristics. Traffic behavior, volume and capacity. Design of intersections, interchanges, transportation terminals and major activity centers. Pedestrian traffic. Transit operations. Urban transportation networks. Teams perform design projects for specific facilities or networks and make presentations to a jury of engineers.

SYS 562. Environmental/Systems Modeling.
IES keywords: environmental focus; engineering, design, and systems
Prerequisite(s): Math 240, Chem 51, Phys 150, SYS 361.
Movement and attenuation of man-made chemicals through the environment. Emphasis is placed on modeling techniques as well as on their practical applications. Case studies are used to illustrate the principles of systems modeling.

SYS 563. Biological Treatment and Utilization of Wastes.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; engineering, design, and systems
Prerequisite(s): One year of calculus and one semester of introductory chemistry.
Introduction to biological systems for processing liquid and solid wastes. Emphasis on design and theory of the operation of aerobic and anaerobic treatment systems and on biological processes for the conversion of wastes to useful materials.

SYS 564. Environmental Impact Assessment.
IES keywords: environmental focus; engineering, design, and systems
Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor.
Introduction to the environmental impact assessment process. Emphasis on identification and quantification of impacts and design for minimization of adverse effects.

SYS 566. (SYS 360) Introduction to Environmental Systems.
IES keywords: environmental focus; engineering, design, and systems
Resources/Environment life-complex will be examined in the framework of systems logic. The attributes of the life-complex; enclosure, finiteness, dynamic property and accessibility will be discussed and formulated. Strategies and technologies of control, consistent with these properties and systems requirements are identified and examined, using methods of systems design and management.

SYS 567. (OPIM261, OPIM761, PPMT261, PPMT761, PPMT961) Risk Analysis and Environmental Management.
See OPIM 261.

SYS 568. Managing Solid Waste.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; engineering, design, and systems; management, planning, and policy
This course will examine current trends in the generation and management of municipal solid wastes, explore the evolution of solid waste policies, and evaluate prevention and management options. Development of local and state case studies will allow detailed consideration of various management alternatives. The course will include field trips to local and nearby state-of-the-art facilities and visits from waste experts from government, industry, and environmental groups.

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URBAN STUDIES (URBS)

URBS 078. (AFST 078, GENH 210, HIST 214) Urban University Community Relations: Faculty-Student Collaborative Action Seminar.
See AFST 078.

URBS 205. (LARP538) Introduction to Environmental Design: Power of Place.
IES keywords: environmental focus; urban issues; watersheds; history, humanities, and social sciences; management, planning, and policy
Distribution I: May be counted as a Distributional course in Society.
Spirn.
This course provides an introduction to urban environmental design in the context of the Mill Creek neighborhood of West Philadelphia. Buried in a sewer, Mill Creek still wreaks destruction within its former floodplain. Sulzberger Middle School sits next to this buried river, surrounded by traces of former landscapes--hills and valleys, grand buildings, small rowhouses, high-rise towers, vacant lands. We will trace the forces and visions which shaped the neighborhood and work with teachers and students to develop a new curriculum where the whole neighborhood is the classroom, building on the past to envision the future.

URBS 463. (ENVS463, ENVS663, URBS663) Brownfield Remediation: The Historical, Scientific, and Policy Dimensions of "Brownfields" in Old Industrial Cities.
Keene.
See ENVS 463. The students will collaborate with high school students at the West Philadelphia High School to identify sites in their neighborhoods and to learn how to determine their ownership and land use history. They will study ways of determining environmental risk and the various options that are available for remediation, in light of community ideas about re-use. Students will be expected to participate actively in the seminar and the sessions with high school students, and to prepare and present a term paper on a topic in the general area of brownfield analysis and remediation.

URBS 663 (ENVS463, ENVS663, URBS463) Brownfield Remediation: The Historical, Scientific, and Policy Dimensions of Brownfields in Old Industrial Cities.
IES keywords: environmental focus: course deals primarily with environmental issues
Keene.
This course is intended to give students an overview of the genesis of the so-called "Brownfield" problem and of the various efforts that our society is taking to try to solve, or at least, ameliorate, it. The course will place the "Brownfield" problem in the broader context of the growth and decline of the industrial base of cities like Philadelphia. Students will study the general constitutional and statutory framework within which we approach the problems of orphan, polluted sites and the disposal of contemporary solid wastes. They will also analyze the principal actions that have been taken by federal and state government to address remediation and redevelopment of abandoned industrial sites. The course will also explore environmental equity issues.

URBS 712. (CPLN712) Inner City Revitalization.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; urban issues; management, planning, and policy
Birch.
This course will review past and present efforts to maintain and strengthen American central cities. It will focus on federal, state and local urban policy. It will explore the relationships between the public and private sectors in developing techniques to develop downtown cores. It will examine the role of leadership and vision in determining how cities articulate and bring to fruition their respective economic, social and political roles in their regions. It will analyze selected strategies designed to enhance metropolitan life including the formation of business improvement districts, formulation of employment policies, investment in and commercial real estate, addressing of brownfields and other environmental concerns, amending zoning, dealing with "quality of life" issues, ensuring adequate transportation, encouraging historic preservation and aesthetic consciousness, developing tourism, fostering community-based development and negotiating difficult land use issues.

URBS 767. (CPLN767) Theory & Principles of Urban Design.
IES keywords: environmental issues incorporated; urban; management, planning, and policy; history, humanities, and social sciences
Barnett.
An introduction to the theoretical basis for beliefs and practices in city and environmental design, including the relation of the built environment to the natural environment, the organization of groups of buildings, the use and meaning of public places, and the relation of technology to land use and community.

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Institute for Environmental Studies

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Academic Programs

Institute for Environmental Studies
240 S. 33rd Street
Hayden Hall
Philadelphia, PA
19104-6316

ies_penn@sas.upenn.edu

(T) - 215-573-3164
(F) - 215-573-9145

Department of Earth and Environmental Science
University of Pennsylvania, 254-b Hayden Hall, 240 South 33rd Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316