France 1638-1788

 

1638

Birth of Louis XIV

1643

Accession of Louis XIV

1648

Outbreak of the Fronde; Peace of Westphalia concludes Thirty Years War

1649–52

Fronde of the Princes

1651

Majority of Louis XIV

1654

Coronation of Louis XIV

1659

Peace of the Pyrenees; Spain cedes Artois and Roussillon

1661

Death of Mazarin; Louis XIV assumes personal rule; arrest of Fouquet

1661–4

Chamber of Justice

1663

New France becomes a royal colony

1664

Creation of East and West Indies companies

1667–8

War of Devolution

1669

Peace of the Church temporarily resolves Jansenist quarrels

1672–8

Dutch war

1673

Parlements lose the right to remonstrate before registration of new laws

1675

Stamped Paper revolts in Brittany and Bordeaux

1676

Factory established at Pondicherry (India)

1678

Peace of Nijmegen: Spain cedes Franche Comté

1679–81

Chambers of Reunion

1681

Strasbourg annexed

1682

Four Gallican Articles adopted; Court moves to Versailles

1683

Death of Colbert

1684

Louis XIV marries Mme de Maintenon; truce of Regensburg

1685

Revocation of the edict of Nantes; Code Noir published

1688–97

War of the League of Augsburg

1693–4

Economic crisis; around 2 million die

1695

Capitation introduced

1697

Peace of Ryswick: Spain cedes Saint-Domingue to France.

1698–1700

Partition treaties on Spanish empire; Charles II of Spain dies

1699

First French settlement in Louisiana

1701–13

War of the Spanish Succession

1704

French defeat at Blenheim

1709–10

Economic crisis: ‘the great winter’, worst of the century

1709

Closure of Jansenist abbey of Port-Royal; indecisive battle of Malplaquet

1710

Introduction of tenth (dixième)

1711

French victory at Denain

1711–12

Most heirs to throne die; legitimation of royal bastards

1713

Peace of Utrecht: France loses peninsular Acadia and Newfoundland; bull Unigenitus promulgated

1715

Death of Louis XIV; accession of Louis XV; full right of remonstrance restored to parlements

1715–23

Regency of Philippe d’Orléans

1716

John Law establishes bank; chamber of justice

1717

Jansenist appeal against Unigenitus

1718

Abolition of conciliar government (polysynodie); New Orleans founded

1720

Louisbourg founded; collapse of Law’s ‘System’

1721

Montesquieu, Persian Letters

1723

Death of the regent d’Orléans

1726

Livre tournois stabilized; ministry of Fleury begins

1730

Unigenitus declared a law of church and state

1732

Convulsions of Saint-Médard

1733–8

War of the Polish Succession

1734

Voltaire, Philosophical Letters

1738

Forced labour on roads (corvée) introduced; Peace of Vienna: France guaranteed succession to Lorraine

1740

Poor harvest and floods

1740–8

War of the Austrian Succession

1743

Death of Fleury

1744

Louis XV’s illness at Metz: proclaimed ‘well-beloved’

1745

Victory of Fontenoy; presentation of Mme de Pompadour

1748

Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle; Montesquieu, Spirit of the Laws

1749

Establishment of twentieth (vingtième); refusal of sacraments to Jansenists

1751

Encyclopédie begins publication

1753–4

Exile of parlement of Paris

1754

Law of silence on religious disputes

1755

Hostilities in North America; deportation of Acadians

1756

Diplomatic revolution brings France and Austria into alliance

1756–63

Seven Years War

1757

(Jan.) Damiens stabs Louis XV;

 

(Nov.) Prussians defeat French at Rosbach

1759

Fall of Quebec

1761

Attack on Jesuits in parlement of Paris begins

1762

Rousseau, Social Contract ; Emile; Calas case in Toulouse

1763

Peace of Paris: loss of Canada

1764

Death of Pompadour; expulsion of Jesuits; First relaxation of restrictions on grain trade.

1765

Brittany affair

1766

Lorraine becomes French on death of king-duke Stanislas; ‘Flagellation’ session in parlement of Paris

1767–70

Series of poor harvests followed by bread riots

1768

Annexation of Corsica

1770

Partial bankruptcy of Terray; future Louis XVI marries Marie-Antoinette of Austria

1771

Maupeou remodels the parlements

1774

Death of Louis XV; accession of Louis XVI; fall of Maupeou and Terray

1775

‘Flour War’

1776

Fall of Turgot; military venality abolished

1778–83

French participation in American War of Independence

1778

Necker’s ‘provincial administrations’; death of Voltaireand Rousseau

1781

Compte rendu of Necker; resignation of Necker; death of Maurepas; Ségur ordinance requiring nobility of army officers; Franco-American victory at Yorktown

1783

Peace of Paris; committee of .nance established; Calonne joins ministry

1785–6

Diamond necklace affair

1785

Beaumarchais’s Marriage of Figaro first performed

1786

Commercial treaty with Great Britain; (20 Aug.)

 

Calonne presents reform plans to Louis XVI

1787

(Feb.–May) Assembly of Notables; fall of Calonne;

 

(Sept.) Prussians invade Holland;

 

(Nov.) disastrous royal session in parlement of Paris

1788

(May) Lamoignon attempts reform of parlements;

 

(13 July) harvest destroyed;

 

(16 Aug.) payments from treasury suspended; fall of Brienne, recall of Necker.