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Result Clauses

Pure clauses of result

express the result of the main verb with a modifying clause introduced by ëutí or ëutií, in positive result clauses, and ëut noní or ëquiní (ëqui noní), in negative result clauses.

tanta vis probitatis est ut eam in hoste diligamus.
The power of goodness is so great that we value it in the enemy.
REMARKS:
a. Pure clauses of result are often anticipated by demonstratives in the main clauses, such as ëitaí, ësicí, ëtamí, ëtantopereí, ëtantusí, ëadeoí, ëtotí, and similar words.
b. ënecesse estí and ëoportetí always omit ëutí.

Relative clauses of result

are introduced by the relative pronoun (qui) or a relative adverb (ubi, unde). The antecedent is expressed or implied in the main clause.

nulla est celeritas quae possit cum animi celeritate contendere.
There is no swiftness which can contend with the swiftness of the mind.
REMARKS:
a. The relative is equivalent to ëutí with the appropriate demonstrative. (qui = ut is)
b. ëdignusí, ëindignusí, ëaptusí, and ëidoneusí take result clauses with ëquií. Occasionally, ëdignusí and ëindignusí will take ëutí.

Further Discussion

Negation of result clauses is achieved by ëut noní, ëut nemoí, ëqui noní, and the like. ëNeí is not used in negation of result clauses.
Result clauses can be restrictive, making them like a proviso clause.

nihil autem est molestum quod non desideres.
But nothing is trouble which (i.e. provided that) you do not miss.

Result clauses can be expressed in English with an infinitive.

constituo ut hunc faciam.
I stop in order that I might do this. OR I stop to do this.

N.B. In Latin the infinitive is not used in this way, except for a few instances in poetry.

ëQuiní is used when verbs and phrases of preventing, omitting, refraining, refusing, delaying, doubt, and uncertainty are negated or questioned. (vix reprimor quin te manere iubeam. = I am scarcely kept back from bidding you to remain.)

ëquiní can be used after a negative sentence, and is often translated ëwithoutí

facere non possum quin cotidie ad te mittam litteras.
I cannot do without sending a letter to you daily.

In result clauses, the present subjunctive is used after past tenses to denote continuance into the present, while the perfect subjunctive is used to express final result (in the past).

a. in Lucullo tanta prudentia fuit ut hodie stet Asia. = There was so much prudence in Lucullus that Asia still stands solid today. (present tense)
b. Murena Asiam sic obiit ut in ea neque avaritiae neque luxuriae vestigium reliquerit. = Murena so administered Asia that he didnít leave in it a trace of either greed or debauchery.

A result clause with ëutí can be used to explain the character of a preceding noun or adjective

est miserorum ut malevolentes sint atque invideant bonis.
The wretched have a way of being ill-natured and envying the well-off.