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Johnstone's Ten Educational Commandments
1. What is learned is controlled by what you already know and understand.
2. How you learn is controlled by how you learned in the past (related to learning style but also to your interpretation of the “rules”).
3. If learning is to be meaningful, it has to link on to existing knowledge and skills, enriching both.
4. The amount of material to be processed in unit time is limited.
5. Feedback and reassurance are necessary for comfortable learning, and assessment should be humane.
6. Cognisance should be taken of learning styles and motivation.
7. Students should consolidate their learning by asking themselves about what goes on in their own heads—metacognition.
8. There should be room for problem solving in its fullest sense.
9. There should be room to create, defend, try out, hypothesise.
10. There should be opportunity given to teach (you don’t really learn until you teach)
Johnstone, A.H. (1997). Chemistry Teaching--Science or Alchemy? Journal of Chemical Education, 74(3), 262-268.